Negative effects of Immigration

Immigration has created our economic instability in the United States. With more immigrants migrating to the U. S every year, our economy is slowly getting worse due to strain on our nation's budget. The overall population isn't benefiting to having to provide for more people flowing into the country. Money is an issue in our economic system currently. With the national debt rising every year, we cannot afford to support any more people.Immigration into the U. S. creates strain on Social Services, takes up natural resources and takes Jobs away from American workers. With more and more immigrants coming into the U. S. , our social service program is being flooded by more and more people every year. Since immigrants don't pay as much taxes as American-born citizens because of the much lower income, it puts strain on the budget. The median income of immigrant households is 36 percent lower than the average American family.The household is the primary contributor to our social services p rogram. With immigrant families paying less in taxes and using more in social services the system is estimated to go wrong. With immigrants using he welfare system so much the nation's budget is increasing rapidly from over-use. With the growing population in the United States, natural resources are becoming scarce. Supporting a growing population requires more resources and it's a problem when you have people coming in by the millions.The increase of population puts strain on our nation by finding diplomatic solutions to food, materials and space. The amount of food we would have to produce to feed the growing population of the U. S. would create problems. Our resource base has started shrinking rapidly throughout the years. Immigration causes 3 major things to happen to natural resources. First, a large amount of immigration leads to a greater use of natural resources. Second it causes prices of raw materials to rise.Third, it requires creating timely and costly research for diplo matic solutions to substitute the materials. Immigrants that come to the U. S. will obviously be looking for work. With unemployment rates increasing there won't be work for a large portion of U. S. citizens. The idea that immigrants take Jobs that Americans don't want to do is completely wrong. Over 40 million Americans are out of the labor force and the ncreasing population isn't helping the unemployment problem.American workers are being replaced by immigrants who are willing to work for lower wages. This put out a lot of American-born citizens out of work. The issues with todays growing immigration rates will not improve our nations economy. There needs to be a change in the amount of immigrants we can allow into the U. S.. The overall population isn't benefiting to having to provide for more people flowing into the country. Our nation's economy will collapse if the rate of immigrants continues. Negative effects of Immigration By nessdane

Basic Legal Environment

Regarding the scenario the best way to go in that situation will be a partnership. The reason for that being, it cause he has little financial skills and management skills. From what I know regarding starting a business. If you do not have the skills or do not know much about the process, then you will need help starting and running the business. Everyone has their own way to of doing things so that decision it really you to you. Just make sure that you make the right one for you and your family. Abstract This paper will address the issues of sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. This will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for all three. This will also discuss which will be the best way to go when starting a business and why. There some advantages and disadvantages to each type of business. Depending on how much say the owner wants to have in the decision making of the business. If it was I starting a business the best would be corporation or ever better a Limited Liability Corporation (LLC). The reason for that being is that if anything happens to the business the liability does not fall back on you. There will be hard getting help with the start up cost, because with this type of business in the beginning, creditors will use individual for credit situations. Out of the three types of businesses, the best would be Sole Proprietor because the owner has 100% of all decisions and it is easy to start up, even though all debt falls back to the owner personally. This would be to the best way if you are starting up a new business. As you grow you can easily which it over to a partnership or corporation. Conclusion When starting up a business there are many decisions the make and questions to be asked. If you do not make the right one it can come back on you in the long run. I have learned a lot from starting my businesses that I have started in the past. Now I have a successful business that will go a long way.

Socrates Understanding

| Socrates Understanding| Beverly Melcher| Ethics and Moral Reasoning: PHI 208 Dione Johnson| | 3/3/2013| Socrates Understanding The concept of holiness emerges into the dialogue when Socrates is trying to find out how to address the gods in a proper way. He is also trying to find out the definition of piety and impiety from the gods point of view. The reason for this is so that the man, Meletus, who feels that he is bring justified charges against Socrates to the gods, because he is bringing charges against his father of murder.Meletus feels that Socrates is being impiety or impious to his father in not showing him respect for what he has done. Socrates feels that he is justified in the charges because his father was wrong in not providing the serf with provisions until just could be properly done. In Socrates eyes, his father committed murder, and should be tried for his wrong doings. Piety is doing as I am doing: that is to say, prosecuting anyone who is guilty of murder, sacrileg e, or of any similar crime—whether he be your father or mother, or whoever he may be—that makes no difference; and not to prosecute them is impiety.The next definition, ‘Piety is that which is lived of the gods,’ is shipwrecked on a refined distinction between the state and the act, corresponding respectively to the adjective and the participle, or rather perhaps to the participle and the verb. The third and last definition, ‘Piety is a part of justice’ and â€Å"Piety is what is dear to the gods, and impiety is what is not dear to them. ’ Socrates hardly sees the first explanation as a true definition. The second appears to him as to be part of justice which attends to the gods, as there is the other part of justice which attends to men.Piety or holiness is preceded by the act of being pious, not by the act of being loves; and therefore piety and the state of being loved are different. Euthyphro is simply saying that piety and holines s is learning how to please the gods in word and deed, by prayers and sacrifice (Plato). This type of piety is considered a salvation to the families and states, as to impious or impiety is unpleasing to the gods and brings upon them ruin and destruction. Socrates goal is in placing religion on a moral foundation.He is seeking on how to realize the harmony of religion and morality, in which is universal wanted of all men (Plato). He describes piety as being an affair to business, a science of giving and asking the true service of the gods of the spirit and is in co-operation with them in all things true and good and which everyone must learn for himself (Plato). The features of dialogue that aligns with the interpretation of his goals are all the questions that Socrates asked of Euthyphro before he has to be seen in the courts of the gods.Piety is the  virtue  that can mean a  religious devotion,  spirituality, or a combination of both. A showing of respect to one’s p eers, parents, or the judges of one’s actions whether right or wrong. A man with  piety is  respected by his responsibilities to gods, country, parents, and kin. It is Socrates strictest sense on what sort of love a son ought to have for his father. References http://www. gutenberg. org/files/1642-h. htm Release Date: November 23, 2008 [EBook #1642] Last Updated: January 15, 2013

Personal management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal management - Essay Example Some recommendations have also been suggested for organizations about how they can implement workforce diversity in an effective and efficient manner. Diversity can be defined as understanding, acknowledging, valuing, celebrating and accepting differences that exist amongst people in relation to various factors like age, ethnicity, class, gender, mental ability, physical ability, sexual orientation, race, status of public assistance and spiritual practice (Esty, Griffin, & Hirsh, 1995). Not only gender and race but there are many differential factors which explain the term diversity. If we talk of a workplace, diversity is manifested through different forms like gender, age, physical attributes, ethnicity, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, income, spiritual practice, geographical location, work experience, parental status, etc. Workplace diversity is becoming more and more pronounced because of the advent of globalization. The success of a business organization and its rate of growth can be determined through its ability to manage diversity in different aspects of the company in an efficient and effective manner. The organization can think of growth and development only if it is ready to accept people coming from various beliefs and background in its company so as to develop an organizational culture which would allow everyone to work together in the form of a team. One of the primary ways to achieve this objective by an organization is by valuing diversity and working for it. As days are passing diversity is becoming an important issue for an organization because the employees of the companies are becoming more and more heterogeneous in nature. Organizations have realized the importance of workforce diversity and how it can increase productivity and lead the company towards growth and development in the future. The trend of increasing diversity is observable in a significant way amongst

Business Buying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Buying - Essay Example These goods are not aimed directly at consumers and include selling finished goods: e.g. office furniture, computer systems; selling raw materials or components: e.g. steel, coal, wood; selling services to businesses: e.g. security, financial consulting, and legal services In both types of markets there is a distinction between consumers and buyers. Whereas buyers actually make the purchase, it is consumers who use the product. For e.g. if a father buys a Kia Carnival for his daughter, he is the buyer while the actual consumer is the daughter who will drive it. In B2C marketing, marketers have to consider the needs of the consumer and for what purpose will the product be used. If a man buys a Toyota Land Cruiser for his son then it will be classified as a b2c sale. However if a man buys a pickup truck for his factory use it will be a b2b sale. Industrial organisations' buying differs from that of consumers because they have additional needs, for example, the making of profits and legal obligations to their customers. Generally consumer buying is a brief process where they can be affected by situational factors like point of purchase advertising, consumer moods, promotional offers etc. Their sources of information are limited often including commercial factors (car ads on TV, television, internet etc) or reference groups. Buying behavior is largely determined by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Consumers can make routine purchases, complex purchases (high involvement products) or simply indulge in impulse buying. Purchasing a car would typically be a high involvement purchase which will be made after much deliberation. Characteristics of B2B markets Business markets contain relatively few buying units as compared to consumer markets. B2b market is even more limited because most companies sell to only a small segment of the total market. Despite this, buying power in many business markets is highly concentrated in a relatively few firms. Not every business will have the buying power to purchase eighteen wheeler trucks. Purchasing power is usually estimated using an activity indicator of buying. There is also a substantial regional concentration in many major industries and among business users as a whole. Businesses start with the evaluation of market size attractiveness which takes into consideration some macro- and micro-economic variables along with some firm related variables; and the second stage is based on the evaluation of a market's structural attractiveness which takes into consideration some cost, structural compatibility, government policy variables etc. Buying behavior can be influenced by the economic environment, e nvironmental factors, organisational factors, interpersonal factors and characteristics of the individual. Buying is less frequent in industrial markets and includes three types of buying situations: New task buying: first time purchase of a major product (buying a heavy duty Volvo truck for the first time) Straight rebuy:

GENETICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

GENETICS - Essay Example Almost all genetic engineering processes aim to make life easier, for those who suffer from genetic disorders. Some processes like genetic screening, even aim to recognize or diagnose disorders at an early stage, and even before the problems actually start showing their symptoms. Such early diagnoses would definitely help to prevent the disorder from reaching serious and debilitating conditions, thus saving lives. Gene therapy promises to replace the defective genes by normal and functional genes, thus bringing in a new hope for patients with no treatments available as such. However there is a dark side to all these bright envisions. Genes or chromosomes form the basic components of life, and scientists who work on genetic engineering are working with ‘life’ itself. Cloning which can create new organisms from a single DNA fragment makes a scientist equivalent to almost ‘God’, where the former is also creating new lives. It is here where one needs to have sup reme control and not cross certain limits, or else what we saw in the science thriller movie’ â€Å"Boys from Brazil’, where the Nazis procreate 94 clones of Hitler to bring back the ‘Third Reich’, would not remain a science fiction anymore, and may become a distinct reality, if we are not careful. The reproduction of humans and animals using artificial methods IVF, AI and embryo transplantation - Artificial insemination (AI), as defined by Nabor-Neri â€Å"artificial insemination is an impregnation not by means of natural intercourse, but by means of mechanical, artificial aids such as injecting the semen or sperm directly in to the female sex organ by the use of a tuberculin syringe† (Nabor-Nery, 81). This process is used as assisted reproductive techniques to impregnate the female partner where there is a case of fertility problems of the male partner, and also in

CA BUDGET ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CA BUDGET ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example However, following the 2007 – 2009 global recession that affected all economies including the United States, the education funding programs were slightly affected. For instance, some schools in different states are getting to the New Year with less state funding that it used to be in other years. Most of the sectors are worried with the declining trend in education funding programs (Oliff, Mai, and Palacios 01). There are claims that as the state and nation need new skills to master and adopt new and complex technologies to help in curbing the complex economy, the government shows a decline in state educational investment. Naturally, lack or decline in funding most of the known state funded programs usually leads to gap in running and managing such programs; thus, threatening poor quality in services produced and rendered in such programs. Challenges Facing California on State Funded Programs Following the recession and global economic crisis, nearly all states’ funded programs are affected in one way or the other. In the case of California, the education has since received less funding per student compared to other years (A Parent's Guide to Charter School Funding Challenges 01). These changes in the amount of fund per student affect the education services in the affected school. These effects are feared that may interfere with quality of education in California. Additionally, the changes in funding from states make schools to spend on large facility budgets towards chartering schools. Notably, it is these charters that now pay bills accrued by school including rents. These challenges in the state funded programs cause uncertainty in management that may largely interview with quality of services offered in such programs. Pros and Cons of State Funded Programs The most dangerous part of the state funded programs is that such programs usually operate at the mercies of the state budget. In cases where the state gets broke such programs are usually a ffected and the same usually leads to changes in services delivery in such programs (Leachman and Ma 01). Notably, changes in the service delivery may affect the quality offered following the changes. For instance, following the reduction of the funds remitted to the schools, schools have reacted by reducing numbers of teacher so they may adjust to their budget. It should be noted that as the number of teachers changes, the numbers of students usually remain constant or increases; therefore, burdening the remaining teachers. Few teachers working on many students or pupils will usually lead to poor quality of service delivery. Nonetheless, the state funded programs are usually monitored closely by the funding organ; therefore, such funding usually lead to quality service delivery. Additionally, funding state programs usually easy or reduces burden on other stakeholders. For instance, funding education programs will reduce burden on parents especially those who are unable to pay for t heir children’s education comfortably. Effects of Funding or Not Funding State Funded Programs If state programs are not funded; for instance, if the education is not funded, both the parents and pupils will be affected; however, pupils will be affected immensely since these funded services are directly related to them. As had been mentioned, if education id not funded fully or completely, the affected schools will opt to reducing the number of staff and this will impact greatly on

What are the consequences of WTO accession for Russia Dissertation

What are the consequences of WTO accession for Russia - Dissertation Example In 2006, Russia had crossed an important barrier in its route to accessing the membership of World Trade Organization (WTO), with the signing of the bilateral agreement with US, though the process for a full membership would take longer to be completely realised. Russia's gradual progress in the negotiations for acquiring the WTO membership, is a positive signal for the international community, as it reflects Russia’s willingness to have an open trade relations within the global commerce. In the negotiation rounds, Russia had agreed to decrease its import tariff on the industrial and agricultural products by 3 % points, in slow progression. It had also agreed to free the domestic service sector, with a certain amount of restriction. There is a general belief that WTO accession will bring about a positive influence on the economic development of Russia by improving economic efficiency, increasing market competition, and by increasing the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Russia. However, on the other hand with the opening up of the Russian markets there are some fears on the survival of the domestic firms under increasing competition from the foreign corporations. The chief objective of this paper is to understand and analyse implications that Russia may have to contend with WTO accession. Based on a secondary and qualitative form of research that involves literature review and analysis of Russia’s economy, all implications of WTO accession will be discussed to support the conclusion that WTO membership may be beneficial for Russia in the end. 1 Introduction â€Å"Russia risks taking a back seat to new post-crisis rules of world trade if it doesn’t join the WTO.†1 1.1 Background history In 1993, Russia officially applied to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) for accession, and in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the organization that succeeded GATT, took up its application. However, during the initial years a complete lack of political will and a general initiative by the Russian government, which was new and yet to create any structural framework to regulate the socio-economic and political environment, soon made the Russian impetus to join the WTO, lose its steam.2 After the 1998 economic crisis, as the Russian rouble deval ued, with a subsequent failure to repay the nation’s debt, the government became more involved in trying to revive the economy, with very little focus on the subject of WTO accession and the necessary negotiations. Fresh impetus to the issue was derived when the Vladimir Putin after being elected as the President of Russia in 2000, declared WTO accession as one of his prime goals, during his tenure at office. Under his interest and will, fresh rounds of negotiations and discussions were initiated. The Russian President’s declaration created a political commitment of sorts that allowed Russia to take initiative and search for meaningful resolutions, on various contentious issues related to its WTO accession. In May 2001, Russia created a ‘Review of the Russian Trade Policies,’ a report that was seen as the Protocol for the Russian accession to WTO. By early 2002, the WTO’s Working Party on Russia’s accession reviewed the first draft of the rep ort. 3 At this time, this signified that Russia had almost entered the last phase of the accession process, where it was negotiating the terms and conditions pertaining to its entry into the WTO, and contemplating the implementation of the necessary legislative reforms. However, soon there were

Art Management & Marketing Assignment Case Study

Art Management & Marketing Assignment - Case Study Example These factors contribute towards positioning the company as market leader in the artificial jewellery industry. Products offered by the company will cater to the needs of all age groups and classes of people. The essay will provide further details about the business plan, which will help to portray viability of starting this business in United States. Jewellery business falls in the category of art business hence it is obvious that it should be treated from an imaginative point of view. The business plan for Beauclaire will reflect imagination, creativity and it has not followed the traditional business plan formulation approach. The mission of Beauclaire is to design and sell innovative art jewelleries. Through sale of attractive art jewellery, the company aims to attract maximum number of customers from all classes. Services provided by the company desires to exceed expectation of customers. The vision of Beauclaire is to be the leading jewellery selling company of United States within next few years. Core values of the company comprise providing appropriate quality of goods and services to customers. Beauclaire would not compromise on quality and standard of the products offered so as to retain core values developed (Graham 72-74). As US lacks Egyptian style of jewelleries, it would be easier for Beauclaire to target the market of United States. Aim of the company is to be a leader in the artificial and antique jewellery industry of United States. The company desires to cater to the needs of individuals across various age groups, especially women. The specific objective of the company is to penetrate and gain 50% leadership of the artificial and antique jewellery market. Besides that, Beauclaire would ensure that shelf life of the jewelleries is short and not more than a week. The jewelleries will also be sold online and in various galleries of U.S. For

Toxicological Effects of Arsenic and Fate of Arsenic Term Paper - 1

Toxicological Effects of Arsenic and Fate of Arsenic - Term Paper Example The most common arsenic ores are arsenopyrite, orpiment and realgar. These compounds are byproducts of purification and mining of silver metal (Edward, and Carol, 2011). It occurs in group five of the periodic table just below nitrogen and phosphorus. It is classified chemically as a metalloid, having both properties of a metal and non-metal. Arsenic also occurs in a crystalline metallic form which is a steel gray solid and in dark gray amorphous solid. It exists in one of the three oxidation states; -3, Ã ·3, and +5 (Edward, and Carol, 2011). These compounds can be classified as either inorganic or organic. Inorganic arsenic compounds are those without arsenic-carbon bond while organic arsenic compounds are those with an arsenic-carbon bond (Ecclestone, 2010). Global production of arsenic is estimated to be 75,000 tons annually (NAS 1977; EPA 1980) of which almost 97% is used in the manufacture of arsenic trioxide and others are used to manufacture of special lead and copper alloys. Arsenic is used as homeopathic remedies used to cure patients with digestive problems, food poisoning, insomnia, allergies, anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arsenic compounds have been used in the manufacture of medicine since the time of Hippocrates (David, 2008); the production of herbicides, desiccants, wood preservatives, and the development of stimulants for plants and animals. Other smaller amounts are used in the manufacture of glass and textiles (Toropova et al., 2011). Arsenic is in constant change and is oxidized, reduced or metabolized and is used in plant uptake or reduction by organisms and chemical processes. These compounds have been used for a long time for the manufacture of medicines ranging from human medicine, plant medicine and also other aquatic organisms. High concentrations of arsenic in the aquatic environment can slow down the growth of aquatic organisms such as fish and invertebrates. Arsenic is very vital in the aeration process of the water (David, 2008).

The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Fashion is a state of mind. A spirit, an extension of ones self. Fashion talks, it can be an understated whisper, a high-energy scream or an all knowing wink and a smile. Principally fashion is about being comfortable with what you are, translating self-esteem into a personal style. Furthermore, art and design were more directly tied at the turn of the twentieth century than they are these days. Artists did not see the dissimilarity among creating an original work of art, such as a painting, and designing a textile pattern that would be reproduced numerous times over. Each was a valid creative act in their eyes. From earliest times, man has changed his clothing often. A phenomenon known as fashion sprang up thousands of years ago. Men and women have tried to wear new things, dissimilar things, clothes that would amaze people or frighten others. To give these people new clothes, other people had to have new ideas, creativity and so were born the first fashion designer around 5,000 years ago. Fashion itself has served as a canvas of purpose for thousands of years. From the delicately gilded armor of crusaders long deceased to the red or blue handkerchiefs that designate gang connection nowadays, fashion has expressed all emotion known to man, yet none so persuasively as conflict. Perhaps the expressions against complacency that are obvious in art are making their way into the world of fashion in preparation for another conflict of sorts, one in which individuals are railing against the societal injustices and political malfeasance of the day. In the late 1920s, a new modernized design aesthetic dubbed Moderne (now known as Art Deco) combined Cubism’s geometric base with supple embellishments. Once more, textile patterns and fashion design echoed the trend. Shiny fabrics merely enhanced the connection with the speed of modern life–and art. The dresses, coats, bathing suits, and evening wraps found in the Tirocchi shop, when placed chronologically, chart for the observer not only the changing silhouette of fashion, nevertheless reflect the fact that fashion was part of an aesthetic that was part and parcel of its time. From the chemise and cloche of the 1920s, echoing Cubist concerns, to the evening dresses of the 1930s, with the body-skimming silhouettes and reflective surfaces, each garment has a particular relationship to the art of its time. Just as the Italian futurists and artists of the Bauhaus in the early part of this century designed clothes that reflected their artworks, so too did the geometric language of Art Deco and Cubism and the paintings of Picasso, Braque and Mondrian, serve as motivation to designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli who come to the forefront of fashion as the Art Deco style began to vanish. Furthermore, one example of art that can be seen in fashion was the collection of Judith Leiber, a leader in couture handbags. She has created more than 3,000 different designs since 1963 and every handbag showed art in very artistic way. Art and fashion have constantly shared an intertwining history and complex visual language, even though fashions influence transcends the white cube of the art gallery or museum space. The language of fashion, whether in the gallery or on the street, offers telling insights into who we were at the beginning of this century, how it has influenced us at the end of this century, and how will affect us in the one to come. In addition, fashion refers to the kinds of clothing that are in a pleasing style at a particular time. At special times in history, fashionable dress has taken extremely different forms. In modern times almost everybody follows fashion to some extent. A young woman would look unusual if she wore the clothing that her grandmother had worn when young. Nevertheless, only a small minority of people dress in the clothing that appears in high-fashion magazines or on fashion-show runways. It is not all the time simple to tell the difference between basic clothing and fashionable clothing. Particularly nowadays, fashion designers frequently use inexpensive and functional items of clothing as inspiration. Blue jeans, for example, originated as functional work clothing for miners and farmers. Yet these days, even people who dress in jeans, T-shirts, and sports clothes might be influenced by fashion. One year, fashionable jeans might have narrow legs; the next year the legs might be baggy. Fashion is art. What ever the designers made is a result of art. Moreover, fashion is something we deal with each day. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes each morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One sure thing in the fashion world is change. We are continually being bombarded with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies as well have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black. Occasionally a trend is world-wide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley. Fashion is a way of self-expression that allows people to try on numerous roles in life. Whether you prefer hip-hop or Chanel-chic, fashion accommodate the chameleon in all of us. Its a means of celebrating the diversity and variety of the world in which we live. Fashion is about change which is essential to keep life interesting. Its as well a mirror of sorts on society. Its a method of measuring a mood that can be helpful in numerous aspects, culturally, socially even psychologically. At the same time, fashion shouldnt be taken too seriously or you lose the fun of it. Â   References: 25 most influential people in fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.time.com/time/europe/fashion/0902/influentials.html Fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion Fashion: A Presentation on Contemporary concepts of Art and Expression, http://www.students.sbc.edu/hart06/Fashion%20Presentation%20copy/Fashion.htm Judith Leiber, Art in hand: Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.phxart.org/exhibitions/leiber.asp

Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis Essay IT also supports Wal-Marts efficient procurement. * A focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development. People are key to Wal-Marts business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them. Weaknesses * Wal-Mart is the Worlds largest grocery retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas due to the huge span of control. * Since Wal-Mart sell products across many sectors (such as clothing, food, or stationary), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more focused competitors. The company is global, but has has a presence in relatively few countries Worldwide. Opportunities To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region. * The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. * New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development. They diversified from large super centres, to local and mall-based sites. Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centres. Threats * Being number one means that you are the target of competition, locally and globally. * Being a global retailer means that you are exposed to political problems in the countries that you operate in. * The cost of producing many consumer products tends to have fallen because of lower manufacturing costs. Manufacturing cost have fallen due to outsourcing to low-cost regions of the World. This has lead to price competition, resulting in price deflation in some ranges. Intense price competition is a threat.

Early life environment and a childs temperament

Early life environment and a childs temperament The question of how dependent a childs temperament is on their environment, biology and other individual differences has been the subject of much debate in the world of psychology. To critically discuss to what extent such factors have on temperament, we should consider what this term means- individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart, 1998, p.105-76). This definition considers the childs emotional responses; physical ability; how passionate or responsive the child is and how regulated their sleeping and eating habits are, for example. Possible influences on temperament are nature, including innate characteristics, and nurture, the childs early life environment and socialisation. A childs early life environment itself is affected by a number of factors, such as social-economic status; parenting; culture; school entry age and extracurricular activities to name a few. For the purpose of this essay, the focus will be on social-economic status and parenting. Firstly, individual differences were noted for dimensions such as distractibility and intensity of reaction in children in Chess Thomas (1987, as cited in Roberta, 2009) development of the 9 NYLS (New York Longitudinal Study) dimensions on child temperament. Some newborns were found to cry a lot louder than others if hungry, which showed more apparent intensity in the childs temperament. This indicates that temperament is a result of innate characteristics as at such a young age, little environmental influence is likely to have taken place. Behavioural profiles were also produced using the dimensions and 3 types of temperament were developed from this: Easy, Difficult and Slow to warm up, which were apparently identifiable in children as young as 2-3 years old. There is evidence that caregivers awareness of such individual differences is highly important as this can affect the childs socialisation process developing in early life. For example, those with a Difficult temperament might have more intense reactions and harsher parenting techniques used as a result may not always be helpful. Therefore, though aspects of a childs temperament can be seen as innate, environmental factors and social influences also hold a degree of influence. Parenting practices should be adapted to a Difficult child in order for the parent to optimise their ability to nurture their childs temperament. The NYLS dimensions are still in use today and the construct of child difficultness has been further developed and used in many other measures. However, this could cause issues when considering such research as results will depend on which measure and definition of difficultness is being referred to. Secondly, Kagans (1994) work (as cited in Chess Alexander, 1996) studied temperament by also using a biological approach. 43 children had their heart rates recorded and were observed and rated during 2 simple laboratory tasks. Statistical analysis was used to assess the difference between behavioural inhibitions of the children. Inhibition serves certain social functions such as preventing impulse acts, for example, losing your temper and hitting someone. This relates to impulsivity as an aspect of ones temperament. It was found that inhibited children had a higher and more stable heart rate than uninhibited children. At approximately 5.5 years old, there were a number of significant correlations between heart rate and physiological factors such as pupil dilation during cognitive stress and adrenaline levels. This suggests that individual physiological differences are indicative of varying temperaments in children, in line with other biological studies (Fox Calkins, 1993 as cited i n Rubin et al., 1993). Nevertheless, Kagan commented that environmental factors should be investigated too in order to gain a full picture. The effects of social-economic status can be seen in Dearing et al.s (2001) work investigating associations between children aged 1-36 months and effects of changes in family income by 36 months. Results showed a significant effect of income on children from poor families but no significant effects of income on non-poor families. For families in poverty, childrens school readiness; expressive language and positive social behaviours were negatively affected and behavioural problems more prominent and vice versa. Such research gives support for environment affecting a childs temperament, even at the early age of 36 months. Also, a higher risk for negative outcomes at 36 months was found for those that had spent longer in poverty. Even so, associations cannot be directly translated as causal relationships. It is difficult to be certain that extraneous variables, such as parenting; genetic ability and school standards did not affect the results recorded. Differences could have been due t o variables other than family income but the effect of the duration spent in poverty discourages this assumption. Parenting practices and child temperament were investigated using the questionnaire method. Parent perceptions of toddlers social wariness and shyness at 2 years old predicted their preferences for socialisation strategies at 4 years old (Rubin, Nelson Hastings Asendorpf, 1993). Observations of child-parent interactions were also recorded. It seemed that those parents perceiving their children to be shy, somewhat limited their childs opportunities for independence. This was more evident in those parents that were more anxious. Such parenting styles could make it more difficult for self-regulation to develop and for potential interactions with other children to take place. Those children less capable of self-regulation at an early age may develop independent feeding skills later than others for example, which would probably negatively affect temperament with more irritability occurring during meal times. So not only are parenting styles an influence on temperament, parents perception s of their childs abilities and temperament (inclusive of the factors defined by Rothbart, 1998) and how this affects their child-rearing is also extremely relevant. As parent perceptions were being studied, the questionnaire method used is quite fitting. Despite this, we should take into account social desirability bias and demand characteristics potentially affecting validity. For example, parents may be unwilling to convey their children as shy due to partaking in psychological research. Studies on twins have been carried out in attempt to determine whether biological or environmental factors attribute to a childs temperament. Spinath Angleitner (1998) collected separate mother and father ratings on 354 monozygotic and dizygotic twins ranging from ages 2-14. The twins Emotionality, Activity, Sociability and Shyness were also assessed using the EAS Temperament Survey (Buss Plomin, 1984, as cited in Spinath Angleitner, 1998). On all EAS dimensions, except Emotionality, dizygotic twins showed negative or near-zero correlations and the similarities between monozygotic twins were more than half those held by dizygotic twins. As dizygotic twins are expected to experience similar environmental stimulation, it seems that the much stronger correlations between monozygotic twins similarities would arguably be explained by their genetic similarity. Related findings seem to be obtained in further behavioural genetics research (Kimberly Saudino, 2005) which supports the impor tance of innate characteristics in temperament. Nevertheless, we cannot be sure whether parents ratings were affected by demand characteristics and therefore, the validity of the similarity ratings made between the twin pairs. It could even be argued that similarities were rated on perceived zygosity that is to say, perhaps parents and rating family members perceived more similarities between monozygotic twins because of their physical similarities. Experimental methods would conceivably be more useful for identifying the genetic factors contributory to temperament, but familial observations over time may well be more valid, naturalistic observations of child temperament and similarities. Although such research may suggest that the greater monozygotic correlations support the importance of biology in child temperament, results do not explain how relevant it is and certainly does not definitively give evidence for the nature or nurture debate. For more clarity, it seems that a combi nation of methods should be used to explore the dimensions of temperament. Perhaps teacher ratings could have been used in addition to parent and family member ratings alone. Exploring more within-family differences (Kimberly Saudino, 2005) to account for differential treatment of children within the same family, for example, offers more insight to why different family members temperament can vary across a whole range of behaviour. A greater understanding of the influences on child temperament has major practical implications. For example, certain teaching techniques may help Difficult children focus more in school and increase their productivity as a result. Biological influences are arguably less important, as it would imply that temperament is less changeable than a lot of research seems to suggest. For example, a child of slow to warm up temperament, whilst explicable by nature, could benefit greatly from practice of specifically identified socialisation skills. In addition, labelling children with certain temperaments could prove detrimental to their developing temperament during early years and being aware of this is exceptionally important. To conclude, there is evidence to advocate both nature and nurture contributions to child temperament. Although there is significant evidence for biologys role in temperament, there seems to be a general consensus that environmental factors are ultimately of higher importance, as human experiences and surroundings are so varied from person to person. To better understand child temperament, we should look at the interaction of such biological and environmental factors more closely rather than isolating them. A good example is portrayed by Chess Alexander (1987, as cited in Roberta, 2009), where individual differences from birth are apparent, but, what marks a difference is how those innate characteristics are dealt with by parents, and the effect this will have on other social interactions and thus, how child temperament is developed early on in life.

The Effects of Racism in Education Essay example -- Racism Education S

It is my hypothesis that diverse backgrounds have a great effect on the ability for a student to learn. I am not suggesting that a student from one background is less likely to learn than the student from a completely different background. I do predict that if educators do not take to heart the diverse backgrounds of their students at both the lower and upper levels of education than the student will suffer in one degree or another. My focus group will be highschool and college students with an emphasis on those who are in the junior class of both institutions. I will take a small sample of each student group and the educators who are responsible for them. I intially planned on studying only highschool students but in my collection of information I found that diversity issues are rising in numbers at institutes of higher education on a profoundly widespread basis. Some issues that I will explore will be: 1. What role has racism as well as sexism and classism played in the American educational system? 2. Are educators receiving more education concerning diversity issues now than in the last 10 years and if so why? 3. Is this training consistent and widespread? 4. How does diversity affect the students learning abiltity from both the student and teachers perspective? 5. Is it possible that a teacher who has nothing in common with their students to effectively teach and nurture the student? 6. What can be done to bridge the gap between students and teachers. After exploring the above-mentioned items in great depth, I will then look at ways to either improve or implement the way that diversity issues are currently being handled. I have chosen this topic because as a person enrolled in an institute of higher learning and the mother of children who are currently enrolled in a public school system I am concerned that for to long we have turned a deaf ear as well as a blind eye to issues that could potentially affect us as a society in the long run. Introduction Racism, which is defined by the Webster School Dictionary as â€Å"A claim unfounded in scientific fact, that any race is superior to another†(p 586). For many years, people have tried to understand what is at the heart of racism. To understand racism entirely would be an educational experience in itself. Racism has been engrained into our social fabric for a ... ...nd of time, but educators as well as others in society have a duty to ensure that no one person feels less because they are different. It should not be a choice for school districts but it should be a requirement for both educators and their students from kindergarten until they are seniors in highschool. I admonish all school systems as well as individual educators to not take the attitude that you can not affect change alone because you can. I clearly remember the one teacher that influenced my life alone and I remember those who had a negative impact on me. How do you want to be remembered? Works Cited Blum, John (1995). Beyond Prescriptive Pedogogy. Journal Of Teacher Education. 46, 3, 28. Brown, Benjamin, (1958). Desegragation and the Supreme Court. Boston: Heath and Company. Ramos, Mary. Personal Interview. Conducted on March 7, 2010. Character Counts. www.charactercounts.org. Retrieved on May 5, 2010. Collins, William (1974). The Pocket Webster School and Office Dictionary. New York: Simon and Schuster. Statistical Information. www.usd475.k12.ks.us. Retrived on March, 15 2010. Renolds, Charles. Personal Inteview. Conducted on April 3, 2010. The Effects of Racism in Education Essay example -- Racism Education S It is my hypothesis that diverse backgrounds have a great effect on the ability for a student to learn. I am not suggesting that a student from one background is less likely to learn than the student from a completely different background. I do predict that if educators do not take to heart the diverse backgrounds of their students at both the lower and upper levels of education than the student will suffer in one degree or another. My focus group will be highschool and college students with an emphasis on those who are in the junior class of both institutions. I will take a small sample of each student group and the educators who are responsible for them. I intially planned on studying only highschool students but in my collection of information I found that diversity issues are rising in numbers at institutes of higher education on a profoundly widespread basis. Some issues that I will explore will be: 1. What role has racism as well as sexism and classism played in the American educational system? 2. Are educators receiving more education concerning diversity issues now than in the last 10 years and if so why? 3. Is this training consistent and widespread? 4. How does diversity affect the students learning abiltity from both the student and teachers perspective? 5. Is it possible that a teacher who has nothing in common with their students to effectively teach and nurture the student? 6. What can be done to bridge the gap between students and teachers. After exploring the above-mentioned items in great depth, I will then look at ways to either improve or implement the way that diversity issues are currently being handled. I have chosen this topic because as a person enrolled in an institute of higher learning and the mother of children who are currently enrolled in a public school system I am concerned that for to long we have turned a deaf ear as well as a blind eye to issues that could potentially affect us as a society in the long run. Introduction Racism, which is defined by the Webster School Dictionary as â€Å"A claim unfounded in scientific fact, that any race is superior to another†(p 586). For many years, people have tried to understand what is at the heart of racism. To understand racism entirely would be an educational experience in itself. Racism has been engrained into our social fabric for a ... ...nd of time, but educators as well as others in society have a duty to ensure that no one person feels less because they are different. It should not be a choice for school districts but it should be a requirement for both educators and their students from kindergarten until they are seniors in highschool. I admonish all school systems as well as individual educators to not take the attitude that you can not affect change alone because you can. I clearly remember the one teacher that influenced my life alone and I remember those who had a negative impact on me. How do you want to be remembered? Works Cited Blum, John (1995). Beyond Prescriptive Pedogogy. Journal Of Teacher Education. 46, 3, 28. Brown, Benjamin, (1958). Desegragation and the Supreme Court. Boston: Heath and Company. Ramos, Mary. Personal Interview. Conducted on March 7, 2010. Character Counts. www.charactercounts.org. Retrieved on May 5, 2010. Collins, William (1974). The Pocket Webster School and Office Dictionary. New York: Simon and Schuster. Statistical Information. www.usd475.k12.ks.us. Retrived on March, 15 2010. Renolds, Charles. Personal Inteview. Conducted on April 3, 2010.

Change in Massachusetts Politics Essay -- Massachusetts Politics Gover

Change in Massachusetts Politics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Massachusetts has always been known for its politics. From the days of John Hancock and John Adams to the Kennedy Compound and failed Dukakis presidential campaign, the Bay State is, has been, and always will be a hotbed of political activism. But that does not mean that Massachusetts has a vibrant two party system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If anything can be said about Massachusetts, it is that the state and its voters are certainly lop-sided towards one party. Massachusetts currently has Democrats filling all of their US House and US Senate Seats, as well as a 138 of 160 State House seats, and 33 of 40 State Senate seats. The only state-wide office held not held by the Democrats is the Governor’s seat, which is set to be widely contested next year with 7 candidates lining up to face â€Å"incumbent† acting Gov. Jane Swift.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the old days however, the story wasn’t exactly the same. For practically every year before 1928, Massachusetts overwhelming voted Republican. In fact, the first Republican floor leader in the US Senate was Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr., from Massachusetts. Many of the famous Massachusetts politicians that rose to power before world war two were Republicans, including President Calvin Coolidge, who before moving on to Vice President and President, was the Governor of Massachusetts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somewhat like today’s climate in the state, Massachusetts at that time was also dominated by one party. It just happened to be the Republicans rather than the Democrats. Before Franklin Roosevelt, the Democrats were largely the party of the Southern whites farmers who were ideologically different than the Northern white businessmen that dominated politics and voted largely Republican.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the party switch that is the most interesting and the most available to analyzing. There most certainly was a switch somewhere between the roaring twenties and the great depression, but it not necessarily had everything to do with the money in people’s pockets. The reasons for it are to be further explained. The Industrial Revolution in Massachusetts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Massachusetts during the 1880’s and 1890’s, as in almost every other part of the country, immigrants were arriving at unprecedented levels. Especially in Boston, but in other communities like Lowell, Brockton, Worcester, and Springfield, the demographic of people was slowly ... ...once in 1984 during a campaign in which he lost only one state. Especially evident was in 1972, when Massachusetts was the only state in the nation that did not vote for Nixon in his re-election bid. That vote prompted the â€Å"Don’t Blame Me, I’m from Massachusetts† bumper sticker that still puts a grin on Bay Staters faces today. Conclusion: Massachusetts, A need to be unique   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the Great Depression, the entire nation has been much more supportive of Democrats than they previously were. Most of that support can be attributed to Roosevelt’s New Deal, and the ineffectiveness of Hoover’s Republican strategies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Massachusetts, however, there has always been a different reason for doing things. This was no different. While the economy may have played a major role, Massachusetts’ change was evident before the â€Å"true† start of the depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similar changes happened in New York, Rhode Island, and other industrial states. However, Massachusetts has always prided themselves on being a leader and an innovator, and as proved by the analysis into the elections of the 20’s and 30’s, it is evident that this major swing in political beliefs was no different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

In Search of Excellence: Critique :: essays research papers fc

Peter's & Waterman write of marketing but never refer to the marketing concept. However, is the philosophy of the marketing concept crucial to the theme of the book? Or, is the marketing concept compromised by the authors' interest in a product orientation. The marketing concept's ultimate goal in essence is to satisfy an organisation's clientele, while at the same time enabling the company to survive and prosper. It stresses consumer-orientation in all facets of a company's operation. It also emphasises adoption of a cross-functional perspective so that everyone within the organisation can have some impact on the organisation's success in both the profitability and at the consumer level. (Zikmund / D'Amico 2002) Peters and Waterman's In Search of Excellence: lessons from America's Best Run Companies does adhere to the marketing concept albeit not directly. They strongly support the idea that an organisation is only as good as the people who work within that organisation. Although there is some emphasis on sales and product orientation, much of this stems from the organisation wanting to provide the highest quality product or service for the consumer. Peters & Waterman see excellent companies along the lines of "a sound mind in a healthy body". They acknowledge the need for profit, but see it as secondary to consumer orientation. As expounded by one executive Peters & Waterman spoke to, "Profit is like health. You need it, and the more the better. But it's not why you exist." (Peters & Waterman 1982) The marketing concept is personified in Peters and Waterman's example of Joe Girard who consistently sells twice as many cars in a year than his nearest competitor. His success is put down to the fact that he makes the customer feel that the relationship is not over once the sale has been made. Joe sends Christmas cards, Easter cards and friendly letters, reminding the customer that he cares for them, not only for their money. Whether this is true or not, Joe leaves the customer feeling as if they have made the right choice. And this is, in turn is good for Joe Girard's long term prosperity. (Peters & Waterman 1982) In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies never mentions The Marking Concept, but the underlying principles are still seen in the qualities exhibited by the excellent companies. Fritos-Lay’s dedication to their customers goes above and beyond expectation. Hewlett Packard encourages employees to â€Å"tinker† with other employee’s designs and Disney’s â€Å"Cross Utilisation week† where executives don character costumes or man food stands or rides both illustrate a cross-functional policy.

Secretary: Law and Legal Secretaries

When people hear the word ‘Secretary' – I'm pretty sure they picture someone behind a desk typing. Yes, this is pretty accurate but a Secretary in whatever field is so much more (and one can indeed spend much time running between their desk and any multitude of places! ). I remember learning a spelling mnemonic of sorts at school that Secretaries keep the secrets. Now I realise it's perhaps more to do with the word's derivatives but it's stuck with me!Having finished a Legal Secretaries Level 3 Diploma course in which I have an overall grade of a Merit, I have found myself privy to these ‘secrets' and the opportunity I wanted: to expand and specialise my skills in an administrative field. It has given me a goal, having not taken the most direct job path. It can be difficult to find the right next step to take in your working life. Law is a fascinating arena, even more so ‘backstage'.It might at times seem to be a far cry from the drama of the court room but w ithout Legal Secretaries doing their part to make a difference with their input in the office, which affects the Solicitor who passes that effect onto the client, all aiming to reach the desired result, I'm not quite sure what would happen. Sometimes I think it takes an organiser, an administrator or a (Legal) Secretary to understand another – it takes one to know one.The day to day achievements can be small, but by getting a complex subject filed comprehensively, simply giving someone the assurance that their enquiry is being looked at correctly or preparing someone thoroughly for a meeting, you in turn ensure that the client is getting the best service possible (even though you may not be attending that meeting in person). These are things that I already do but in the sphere of law they become magnified – what starts as small, indirect input evolves into an integral part of the law process.That is quite something to be part of and I look forward to it. Within my rece ption role, I have had over 2 years of part-time work experience of dealing with clients and solicitors in an office environment. My role included answering the phone, getting personal details from callers and transferring to the appropriate member of staff. I learned to be patient, methodical and efficient. Flexibility is one of my strengths; I am also prepared to learn new skills. I have extensive experience of using computers.I have experience of Microsoft and Microsoft Excel in which I passed exams. I have used Word to produce documents such as letters, posters and minutes. I am able to prioritise my workload. Being flexible, I also have a positive attitude. This was particularly evident at The Broadcast Monitoring where I was able to concentrate all day even when working an early morning shift which began at 6. 30am. I also undertook nightshift to cover for staff on holiday. I work well under pressure. There were many deadlines throughout the day.This also involved good written and verbal communication skills which were required when report writing and dealing with colleagues. I have found that I am able to build up close working relationships with other members of staff; most recently at my time in Chipatiso Associates (I can appreciate client confidentiality). I am a good organiser and am able to work on my own initiative. I was efficient at delegating the department workload at the Solicitors firm. I have an editorial/press reader eye for detail. I am polite and reliable, trustworthy and conscientious.

Describe the Importance of Continuing Professional

Describe the importance of continuing professional development – Unit 206 – 2. 2 In all professions trends are always changing. Procedures and practices change. Research is always discovering new processes and learning strategies. It is important to stay on top of these changes within your professional field. Continuing professional development raises the standards of your skills set. To always be updating skills and developing knowledge and finding ways to do this is a positive attitude to take, to be successful at what you do and what will set you apart from the rest. In a school it is very important that it takes a keen interest in continuing professional development, it means its standards are likely to be high and would make it more appealing to parents seeking a placement for their child. In education and in the classroom it is important for all staff to be proactive in their own continuing professional development. In order to feel more positive and confident about their profession and to keep motivated and inspired by new ideas. It also means keeping up to date with the latest teaching techniques, regular reviews of procedures and practices, such as first aid and child protection. Most importantly is the benefit to the childrens education, it means they will always be receiving the most up to date and the highest standard of teaching, and using the latest equipment. It is equally important for employers to support and encourage continuing professional development for their staff, providing opportunities for teachers to develop their skills to create a better learning environment, and will enable every teacher and pupil to reach their full potential.

Los Angeles Riots – Speculating About Causes

May 14, 2012 Born of Neglect – The Los Angeles Riots â€Å"It was the city that failed†¦It was police management, past and present, that has failed. This has to be taken into account to reflect a just and fair sentence†¦There simply has to be some allowance for the official negligence of the city which allowed this to take place and which will take place again† (qtd. in Cannon 3) On April 29, 1992, the day the verdict in the Rodney King trial was read, I was seventeen years old. Standing in the living room, I watched the news with my parents as they waited for the verdict.When the four â€Å"not guilty† verdicts were announced, I asked my parents why the police were found not guilty if they were caught on tape, that didn’t seem fair. My mom answered, â€Å"No one ever said life is fair. † This was news to me; however the people of Los Angeles had learned this lesson the hard way. The people of L. A. and the justice system have had a long a nd rocky relationship. There have been three major riots in L. A. since 1942, and coincidentally or not, each has a direct correlation with racial bias of the judicial system.While there is good cause to question whether mob mentality took over and created the riots themselves, the circumstances that created the perfect atmosphere for violence cannot be discounted. The Zoot Suit Riots of 1942 involved the predominately Mexican youth of central L. A. and the predominately white servicemen that had been stationed there. Tension between the two had been building, partly due to the servicemen’s rowdy behavior and perceived disrespect to the Mexican community, and partly due to the Mexican youth’s territorialism and pride.Due to the current wartime state of the country however, the media and most citizens gave favor to the servicemen, and portrayed the Mexican Zoot Suitors as gangsters and troublemakers. When Jose Diaz was discovered murdered, the media and police were quic k to label it a gang killing. The subsequent arrests and trial were such a charade of justice that all of the convictions were later overturned. However, the resentment the Mexican youth had for being treated so unfairly simmered, and created the tinderbox that ignited the Zoot Suit Riots. In 1965 the L. A. P. D. ulled over Marquette Frye, a young black man suspected of drunk driving. Frye was new to L. A. , and did not realize the seriousness of the police in L. A. He attempted to joke with the officers, and being close to his home, Frye’s mother arrived on the scene and began to scold Frye for getting into trouble. At this time a crowd had begun to form, and look on as the police used their batons to subdue Frye, his mother, and his cousin with excessive force. The crowd began throwing things at the police, and the rumblings of what became the worst riot in Los Angeles’s history began.Unlike the previous riots, The Los Angeles Riot of 1992 started abruptly. Still, th ere was a general distrust between the L. A. P. D and the people of Los Angeles, and many complaints of police brutality were ignored. In March of 1991 a fifteen year old girl named Latasha Harlins walked into a Korean-owned store to buy some juice. She had her money in her hand, but put the juice into her backpack before she paid. The store owner, Soon Ja Du, perceived Latasha to be stealing, and grabbed her arm. Latasha struck Soon Ja Du and knocked her down.She threw the juice on the counter, and turned to leave the store. Soon Ja Du pulled out a gun and shot Latasha in the back of the head as she was leaving, and instantly killed her. The community went into an uproar, and racial tension was stronger than ever. Soon Ja Du went to trial and was convicted of voluntary manslaughter, and her recommended sentence was sixteen years. When she went before the judge for sentencing however, the judge assigned her five years probation, 400 hours community service, and a $500 fine.During th is same time period, a black man named Rodney King was pulled over after leading the police on a high speed chase, and brutally beaten by five white police officers. The police were unknowingly being videotaped, and the tape was released to the public. The trial of the officers involved was followed by the entire country, and the conviction of the officers seemed a sure thing. When a white jury returned four â€Å"not guilty† verdicts to an already tense city, it had the effect of setting a match to a fuse. The verdicts were announced at 3:15pm; 45 minutes later a flash mob formed at the intersection of Florence and Normandie.The group of people, angry and betrayed, began throwing bricks, shouting, and breaking windows. When the police arrived, they did not call for back-up to control the situation immediately, and instead retreated. The police formed barricades around the city, effectively protecting the upscale neighborhoods surrounding the city, as well as trapping anyone who might have wanted to escape. Around this time the line between righteous anger and mob mentality may have become blurred. In the full scale riot that ensued, building were looted and burned down, pedestrians were brutalized, and some were killed.One of the most remembered events of the riots was the live broadcast of Reginald Denny being dragged from the cab of his truck, knocked down, and being beaten with a fire extinguisher, hammer, and brick. In retrospect many people considered this a hate crime, because Denny was white. However, some people consider this merely a crime of opportunity, with Denny simply being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Introduction. Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose. By Kenneth Burke. 1935. 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. xiii-xliv. Print.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults

Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adultsEffective communication creates positive relationships. You have to model excellent communication skills with the children and adults you work with on a daily basis. You should always think about how you approach people and how you respond back, doing so in a positive manner will help you achieve more information and communication in the long run because you are beginning to build a positive relationship with that child/person and this benefits them.We must always think about how we communicate and always make sure it is for the good of the pupil and the school. Always set a good example by behaving the way you would expect your pupil to. If you do not communicate effectively it can break down and that’s where misunderstandings occur and this can lead to negative feeling.When you use effective communication this creates a strong and positive relationship and your pup ils will benefit fully from that given situation.Explain the principles of relationship building with children, young people and adultsThe main principle of relationship building is to make others feel comfortable and at ease, if they are, they are more likely to communicate effectively. It is very important to be respectful and courteous and to listen to what they have to say. Always respect the views of others, especially if they have different cultural beliefs or values.Take the time to listen to others, this is not always easy when you are so busy but it is extremely important to build a positive relationship, always show that you are interested in what they have to say, they may need to confide in you.Have a good sense of humour, when appropriate this lightens peoples perception of you and can help people who are feeling stressed, laughter is a good way of relaxing.Always be clear on the reason you are communicating, giving people mixed messages does not create a good working r elationship, a good way of making sure people have received clear information is by asking them to repeat what is expected of them.Being considerate is a must as you may be working with a child or adult who is under strain due to work or home matters. If you are being considerate in that situation this will help you understand if they respond out of character and you may be able to help.Explain how different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicateIt is important that you adapt your communication in different situations and always consider the context in which you are working. It is extremely important how we dress and present ourselves to others, if you are going into a formal meeting with managers and parents wearing jeans and trainers for example, this would not give a professional image of you or the school you work for.It is important if you say to either a child or an adult that you are going to get back to them with an answer, you do so as efficiently as you can, this also applies to how we respond to letters and messages and always make sure you check your spelling and grammar.Try to increase your knowledge of different cultures, as the way they behave or respond maybe different to you for example it is not polite to look another person in the eye when speaking to them in some cultures.Explain the skills needed to communicate with children and young peopleThere are certain skills needed and these skills must be used everyday in order to communicate effectively and to make the child/adult feel valued.Always make eye contact when a child is speaking to you, if you say you are listening but continue to write or look at something else it shows you are not really interested in what they have to say, giving your full attention shows that you are engaged and listening.Bring yourself to the level of the child this is less intimidating than towering over them. Always smile and react positively, use posit ive body language, don’t sit there with your arms tightly folded or your shoulders tense this can create tension, express your face when responding to what they have said this shows you are listening.A good way of showing that you are listening is to repeat what they have said and this can extend their communication by telling you more or you may need to comment on incorrect use of words to help them for next time.Always give a child an opportunity to speak this will help with their confidence and their need to express themselves and encourage them to ask questions, this will help them build conversation skills.Explain how to adapt communication with children and young peopleThe age of the child or young personDifferent ages require different levels of attention. You may need to use more physical contact to reassure very young children then as the children become older you can help talk through their concerns, you will always listen and react positively choosing correct vocab ulary.The context of the communicationDepending on the situation you need to be aware that you may need to change your verbal communication accordingly, always make sure the children are focused and pre-empt any distractions and get ready to deal with them with as little interruption as possible or if you are having general chit chat in the playground, use humour to respond to difficult questions such as Where do you live, What is your first name etc..Communication differencesMake yourself aware of the children with communication issues and always be sensitive to them by giving them more time so they do not feel pressured when speaking or signing. Some children can be very anxious so it is important to make them feel comfortable in the setting. It is important if a child has a stammer or speech impediment you do not speak for them, you cannot guess or assume you know what they wanted to say and this can create anger and stress. Do not be afraid of asking for additional training if y ou are working alongside children who use signing to communicate, for example – Makaton.Explain the main differences between communicating with adults and communicating with children and young peopleAlways remember that certain things stay the same such as being courteous and respectful and showing that you are interested, however, you must remember that if you are in a school setting and you are dealing with a child or young person you maintain that carer/child relationship and responsibility. You should not offer physical contact with children. Always be clear in what you say and what is expected of them and adapt your vocabulary accordingly.Explain how to adapt communication to meet different communication needs of adults.You must be sensitive when communicating with other adults, try and find out as much as you can beforehand, you may find they have communication difficulties, they maybe hearing impaired so always make sure you are facing them and speak clearly so they ca n lip read or the person may speak another language or very little English, make sure you have plans in place if required.Explain how to manage disagreements with children, young people and adultsA lot of the time disagreements are due to a lack of communication in the first instance and the best thing to do is to sort things out very carefully so the bad feelings do not persist. You must always respond with a positive attitude and polite manner and be sensitive to the other person’s feelings, if you feel the disagreement is spiralling out of control you may need to call in a mediator this being another member of staff who can maybe help sort things out, but hopefully if you are using the correct communication this should not be required unless you were somehow in a disagreement with a child, always seek advice from your line manager if this is the case.The best way to resolve disagreements is to find the cause and then decide on a course of action together. Offer encourageme nt and support.Summarise the main points of legislation and procedures covering confidentiality, data protection and the disclosure of informationData protection act 1998 – To provide a safe environment for our children we as a school are able to obtain certain information which is relevant such as, health and medical information, records from previous schools, records for children who have special educational needs. All this information is confidential. Parental consent would be required if this information was requested by another source.Every child matters (England 2003) – stresses the importance of sharing information between professionals, communication between us, is the key to help prevent tragic cases.You should not pass on information about the school or the children without being 110% certain you can, do not feel pressured to do so, always seek advice from your line manager if you are unsure.Explain the importance of reassuring children, young people and adul ts of the confidentiality of shared information and the limits of thisIt is extremely important that you communicate and explain fully your reasons for requiring the confidential information, you would make sure that you followed correct procedures and ask for consent if required, you also need to promote a professional image so people trust you to deal with the confidential information with the utmost respect that is needed. By doing this the children, young people and adults feel reassured their confidential information is handled appropriately and used effectively.Justify the kinds of situation when confidentiality protocols must be breached.If a child, young person or adult confides in you and you suspect child abuse or they are at risk or danger of someone or something never promise to keep it a secret you would have to tell the child, young person or adult that you are unable to keep it confidential for this reason and then you must tell and seek advice from your safeguarding point of contact.

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take

Introduction A Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) is an officer within a firm or practice that has been nominated to make disclosures to the National Crime Agency (NCA), formerly the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), under the Proceeds of Crimes Act (POCA) 2007 and the Terrorism Act (TA) 2000. It is provided under Regulation 20 of the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 that if an MLRO receives an internal disclosure of suspected money laundering or terrorist financing, they are required to consider the disclosure and decide whether the grounds of suspicion are sufficient enough to pass the disclosure onto NCA (Ellinger et al; 2011: 98). Since the MLRO of BCD Bank has received an internal money laundering suspicion report from Christian, they will be required to consider whether the matter should be passed onto NCA. Given that Radovan Rankovich (RR) is allegedly wanted by the authorities in the Ukraine for criminal actions against the state, and has received a recent transfer of ?15 mil lion from a Corporate Service Provider in Cyprus, it is likely that this would warrant a disclosure to NCA for investigation. In accordance with this, the MLRO will be required to file a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) with NCA and subsequently liaise with them to deal with this matter accordingly (Ellinger et al; 2011: 97). Part 7 of POCA makes it a requirement for banks to make a disclosure to NCA if they reasonably suspect that a person is involved in money laundering (s. 329). If the MLRO fails to make such a disclosure then he or she may be found criminally liable under this Act for a failure to disclose (s. 331). This is because a person commits an offence under s. 329 if they; acquire, use or have possession of, criminal property. Since a bank would fall within the scope of this section, it is possible that BCD Bank would be subject to criminal proceedings if they failed to take the appropriate action and thus make the relevant disclosures. If the MLRO does not believe that the grounds of suspicion are sufficient to report the matter to NCA, then the MLRO will be required to make further inquiries (International Monetary Fund, 2011: 65). Once the MLRO has made a report to NCA, the report will be ‘protected’ under s. 337 so that nothing in the report shall be taken to breach any restriction on the disclosure of information. Given that BCD Bank may have engaged in money laundering by allowing RR’s transactions to take place, they may have a defence under s. 338 if they make demonstrate that they made the disclosure as soon as possible. Similar provisions also apply under th e TA if the person is also suspected of terrorist financing. As Christian has received a text message stating that RR is wanted by the authorities in the Ukraine for criminal actions against the state, it is likely that the MLRO will also be required to comply with the provisions under the TA for a reasonable suspicion of terrorist financing. An obligation to report under the TA will therefore arise which means that the MLRO will be required to disclose the identity of RR, any information that relates to the matter and the whereabouts of the laundered property. There are two different types of report that may be made by the MLRO, namely protected reports and authorised reports. A protected disclosure is made by a person during the course of their trade, profession or employment. This type of disclosure is generally made by a person who is carrying our professional activities. An authorised disclosure is made by a person who is about to commit a prohibited act or has already committed a prohibited act (Bastable and Yeo, 2011: 108). Since the bank has already dealt with the property that is suspected of being laundered, it is more appropriate for an authorised disclosure to be made. The MLRO will also be required to obtain consent from NCA under ss. 335 and 336 to determine whether Christian can action any further transfers out of RR’s account. This will be done by making a ‘consent report’ to NCA, which will then block any transactions for seven working days. If NCA gives consent to the MLRO, the MLRO will then be able to give consent to Christian to carry out the transactions (Bastable and Yeo, 2011: 108). If NCA refuse consent, however, the proposed transactions will be frozen for a further 31 days, unless consent is granted during that period; R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620. The Risks and Issues for the Bank This particular issue regarding RR is likely to be problematic for the BCD Bank as they will want to act in the best interests of their customer, namely RR, so that they remain in business with them whilst at the same time they are required to fulfil certain obligations imposed upon them by law. Because BCD will be required to disclose their suspicions even if RR has not acted in a criminal manner, this will have a damaging effect upon RR’s reputation and as put by Hislop (2009); â€Å"absent bad faith, little more than a â€Å"bad feeling† can trigger a banks disclosure obligations under POCA 2002, with in some cases catastrophic commercial consequences for the customer and a damning of his hitherto â€Å"good name† in the business community.† If the banks suspicions are incorrect, this can be significantly detrimental for RR. As such, the bank will need to be careful that they are striking a balance between the interests of RR with its duties to disclose . In the recent case of SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) the implications Part 7 has upon the rights of the individual and the banking business was clearly highlighted. Here, it was demonstrated that where a bank makes a SAR in respect of a suspicious transaction, they may not be provided with protection if the customer decides to challenge the banks suspicions in the future. This is so, despite the fact that a criminal offence may have been committed if the bank failed to make such a disclosure. Customers will have a right to challenge the banks suspicions with the bank then being required to prove that the suspicion was reasonable. It may be difficult to determine how the bank can justify making a disclosure since it was made clear by the court in this case that â€Å"the defendant must think that there is a possibility, which is more than fanciful, that the relevant facts exist. A vague feeling of unease would not suffice.† The bank will therefore be taking a risk in many any disclosure, especially this one since it will have to be shown that the text message was sufficient enough for a disclosure to be made. Furthermore, even if the circu mstances do render a disclosure justified, the bank’s decision may still be challenged which can be costly and time consuming. In K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 it was noted by the Court that; â€Å"to intervene between a banker and his customer in the performance of the contract of mandate is a serious interference with the free flow of trade. But Parliament has considered that a limited interference is to be tolerated in preference to allowing the undoubted evil of money-laundering to run rife in the commercial community.† Therefore, even though such a disclosure may interfere with the relationship between the bank and RR, such interference will be necessary if it will be likely to prevent money laundering from taking place. The bank needs to be clear that an interference of RR’s account is appropriate on the circumstances, since a frozen bank account for a period of time has in the past been considered a ‘grave injustice’ in the case of Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637. Here, the customer’s funds were frozen resulting in the customer being unable to afford the legal fees it would cost to challenge the decision. Therefore, if RR’s funds were frozen, which subsequently prevented RR from challenging the decision; it is unlikely that this would be deemed appropriate by the court. In accordance with this, it has been said that the test for suspicion is â€Å"a purely subjective matter† ( Medroft, 2010: 190). The decision as to whether the suspicion is reasonable will therefore depend upon whether Christian actually believed that the transaction was suspicious. If it cannot be found that this is the case, the interference cannot be considered justifiable and a breach of the customer’s human rights may also be established as in K Ltd. The bank will therefore be required to consider whether ‘reasonable grounds’ do actually exist, having regard to the elements constituting market abuse offences (Hudson and Hutchinson, 2009: 1). There are many inherent risks that are associated with disclosures and as such, it is vital that the bank is aware of its exact rights and obligations. In SHAH the court found that the bank did not act in an unreasonable manner which is likely to be the case in the instant situation. As such, it will most likely be difficult for RR to show that the bank had not acted in good faith. However, it could be argued that there was an unreasonable delay by the bank to make the disclosure under s. 338(2). As a result of this, the bank could be exposed to liability for breach of its duty of care (Medroft, 2010: 190). Whether this is acceptable remains an arguable subject but as expressed by Benjamin (2007: 62); â€Å"here the objective is not informed consent to risk but combating crime.à ¢â‚¬  Accordingly, it is therefore generally accepted that a bank’s interference will be justified on public policy grounds. The bank will still be subjected to many risks when making a disclosure, nonetheless, and must therefore consider whether the consequences of making a disclosure can be justified (Ellinger et al. 2010: 114). In addition, if the bank decides to make a disclosure, they must be careful not to allow the customer to find out as they can be found liable for ‘tipping off. This is another issue that may arise since a customer could become aware that a disclosure has been made simply due to the fact that their account has been suspended. It could be said that the bank is in a difficult situation as whatever option it takes, sanctions may still be imposed. As one judge noted in Governer & Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287; â€Å"the bank may commit a criminal offence if it pays or if it refuses to pay.† Furthermore, if the bank makes a disclosure based on its suspicions, which later turn out to be unfounded, the bank risks civil liability for breaching its contract with its customer (Ellinger et al: 2010: 114). This is because the bank will have frozen the customer’s account which would have prevented payments from being made in and out of the account. Because the banks have a significant burden imposed upon them when it comes to dealing with money laundering, some attempt has been made to ensure that banks acting in good faith will not face criminal liability. For example, it was held by the court in C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 that â€Å"it would not normally be an abuse of process to prosecute a bank which was doing no more than obeying a court order for disclosure.† Still, it is necessary for the bank to consider all of the risks before considering whether to make a disclosure or not. Overall, it is necessary on the facts for the MLRO of BCD Bank to make a disclosure to NCA since it does appear that the suspicions are reasonable. This is based upon the transaction of ?15 million that was made recently as well as the text message that Christian has received. Whilst the bank would be required to examine the potential issues with disclosing such information and freezing the account of RR this appears necessary and in the public interest. It will most likely prevent money laundering activities from taking place and will ensure that Christian, the MLRO and the bank are complying with their obligations. References Bastable, G., and Yeo, N., (2011). Money Laundering Law and Regulation: A Practical Guide, Oxford University Press. Benjamin, J., (2007). Financial Law. OUP Oxford. Ellinger, E. P., Lomnicka, E., and Hare, C., (2011) Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law, (Oxford University Press. Ellinger, E. P., Lomnicka, E., and Hare, C., (2010) Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law. 5th Edition. OUP Oxford. Hislop, D., (2009). ‘Banks, SARS & the Customer’ 159 New Law Journal 1099, Issue 7380. International Monetary Fund., (2011) Banking and Insurance, Business & Economics. Medcroft, N., (2010). A Banker’s Liability for Damages Arising from Compliance with PT 7 POCA’ 4 Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 227, Issue 4. Medcroft, N., (2009). Refusing to Execute Payment Instructions Where a Bank Suspects Money Laundering. 4 Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 190, Issue 4. Hudson, D., and Hutchinson, K., (2009). Suspicious Transactions Reports: Reporting Obligations of Financial Institutions in the UK. Complinet, [Accessed 07 June, 2014]. Cases C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 Governer & Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287 K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620 SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637

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