Budget Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spending Planning - Assignment Example It is in this way significant that associations contrast the work finished and its destinations as opposed to only break down financial plans on schedule premise. For example, one may burn through 90% of the dispensed assets in accomplishing a trashy work or finishing just 80% of the specified work, despite that the spent sum may fall inside the anticipated schedule time frame. One could likewise run under spending plan on schedule premise. That is, similar extents of the spending plan and work might be secured true to form while running under financial plan on schedule premise because of postponements and breaks. The suggestion here is that there could have been slips in work plan. While under spending plan infers that one performs beneath the arranged financial plan, over financial plans implies that the arranged financial plan has been outperformed. Appropriate arranging and execution of spending plan would subsequently lead one to as near the financial plan as could reasonably be expected (Barr and McClellan, 2011). Over the top under financial plan could along these lines propose a circumstance wherein one didn't spend enough in explicit regions to develop and secure business or set up a venture. Then again, consistent over spending execution could recommend that one is at risk for coming up short on assets and business. It is in this way essential that work is done as wanted to maintain a strategic distance from both under and over spending plan the two of which have their negative impacts and suggestions on task usage and fulfillment (Article Library,

African films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African movies - Assignment Example The utilization of quietness was a device that debilitated ladies in the castle by not permitting them to talk about what was befalling them in their life. On the off chance that they were constrained into a conduct they didn't need, they were relied upon to stay quiet about the circumstance. On the off chance that they were debilitated, they bore their agony peacefully. The ladies realized what was happening in the royal residence, however were not permitted to converse with anybody about what they knew. On the off chance that the lady was not hitched, the name of the dad of any kids was rarely articulated (Tlatti, 1994). The ladies were viewed as family slaves and were not permitted to go out, were required to cook, clean, and play out some other obligations, as mentioned by the family, without saying a word. They talked among themselves, however even that discussion was constrained. Every lady needed to exposed her own weight peacefully. The main way this quietness could have been utilized to engage the ladies is on the off chance that they would have had the option to speak with the outside world and afterward the family would have needed to pay them to stay silent about the issues of the castle. Sexual brutality was remembered for the lives of these ladies, yet none of them were permitted to have a voice in the circumstance. The ladies were not permitted to cannot, they could retaliate until they were over controlled, yet the demonstration would in any case occur if the man needed it to occur (Tlatti, 1994). None of different ladies were permitted to go to the guide of anybody being constrained and the damage that was caused was not talked about by the person in question. On the off chance that clinical consideration was required, a medical attendant was brought. Requesting that a lady have a fetus removal is similarly as rough and results in death as other fierce acts that can and have been performed on individuals in the public arena. Ensuring the slave/hireling ladies stayed in the home at all cost necessitated that all births occurred with no clinical intercession (Tlatti, 1994). This could likewise be viewed as a structure

The Position of Nicht in German Sentences

The Position of 'Nicht' in German Sentences In German, the situation of nicht (not) in a sentence is very basic and direct. You need to remember a couple of focuses, andâ nicht will become alright. Nicht as an Adverb Nicht is an intensifier, so you will consistently discover it either previously or after an action word, modifier or individual verb modifier. It for the most part goes before a modifier or a descriptor, however it jumps at the chance to settle after conjugated action words. (So think something contrary to English.) Model: Ich trinke nicht meine Limonade. (Im not drinking my lemonade.) Nicht and Declarative Sentences Then again, nicht likes to make a trip right to the finish of a sentence on occasion. This happens frequently with revelatory sentences. Model A sentence with only a subject and verb: Sie arbeitet nicht. (She isn't working.) A sentence with an immediate article (mir): Er hilft mir nicht. (He doesnt help me.)â The equivalent applies with straightforward yes/no inquiries. For example: Gibt der Schã ¼ler dem Lehrer bite the dust Leseliste nicht? (Is the understudy not giving the perusing rundown to the educator?) Nicht and Separable and Compound Verbs With action words, nicht will skip around a piece contingent upon the kind of verb.â Nicht will be situated just before an action word prefix in a sentence containing a detachable action word. For example: Wir gehen heute nicht einkaufen. (We are not going out on the town to shop today.)Nicht will be situated just before an infinitive or infinitives that are a piece of a verbal mix. For example: Du sollst nicht schlafen. (You ought not rest.) Another model: Du wirst jetzt nicht schlafen gehen. (You are not resting now.) Nicht and Adverbs of Time The intensifiers of time that have sequential rationale to them will typically be trailed by nicht. These are qualifiers, for example, gestern (yesterday), heute (today), morgen (tomorrow), frã ¼her (prior), andâ spter (later). Example: Sie ist gestern nicht mitgekommen. (She didn't go along yesterday.) Conversely, verb modifiers of time that don't have a sequential rationale to them will be gone before by nicht. Example: Er wird nicht sofort kommen. (He won't come immediately.) With every single other intensifier, nicht is typically situated legitimately before them. Example: Simone fhrt nicht langsam genug. (Simone doesnt drive sufficiently moderate.) Outline of Rules Nicht will typically follow: Adverbs that can be sorted out sequentially. Nichtâ will normally go before: qualifiers of time that can't be sorted out chronologicallyall other adverbsverbsseparable action word prefixverb infinitivesadjectivesprepositional phrases

Self-Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self-Analysis Paper - Essay Example It is a moderately regular understanding that acclimation to society is distinctive for every person and, in view of each person’s novel beneficial encounters, individuals have made diverse ways of dealing with stress to manage entangled life occasions or circumstances. In view of the previously mentioned, the quest for a directing degree looks to fulfill an individual need to take a person who is befuddled, disappointed, concerned or in any case unfit to adapt and assist them with rationalizing the particular reasons regarding why others in the public eye carry on the manner in which they do or why the individual requiring guiding ought to learn self-reflection to accomplish their most extreme abilities. The final product of both easygoing and concentrated mentoring will just serve to give society a composed person who can contribute effectively in territories of business, marriage, scholastics or all in all general public all in all. Having the option to take a person who is encountering life troubles and help them to turn into a balanced and mindful individual is the very idea of directing and is the biggest method of reasoning for the quest for this degree. From numerous perspectives, this is the very idea of guiding: To make positive connection s and set up, inside the individual, a feeling of self-understanding which causes them to accomplish in an assortment of circumstances. This is the thing that having any kind of effect is genuinely about. As indicated by McCarthy and Leierer (2001), a perfect advisor comprises of a person who is committed to serving the open government assistance and is eager to make profound, important associations with individuals who require some assistance. Furthermore, a perfect advisor keeps up supporting attributes which includes a wide assortment of listening abilities, develop and insightful conversation, and stays concentrated on devoting time and assets to a solitary individual in the quest for aiding their own self-advancement. The very idea of looking for this

Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum Example

Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum Example Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum â€" Essay Example > OUTLINEIntroductionCharacteristic of Infrared RadiationEmission of Infrared LightAdvantages of Infrared DetectorsDisadvantages of Infrared DetectorsApplication of Infrared Radiation in Security DetectorsMicrowave detectorsMicrowave RadiationOperations of A microwave detectorDisadvantages of using a microwave detectorPhoto-electric beam detectorsCharacteristics of visible lightAdvantages of Photo beam detectorsConclusion    INTRODUCTION                       Security systems consist of electronic alarms designed to alert individuals and part of thee authority about oncoming source of danger. Inside the security systems, are sensors linked to a control console through wire connections. There could also be linked through electromagnetic wave signals that are associated together to a response gadget. Most security detectors function as motion detectors placed on windows and doors to signify the presence of an oncoming person or object. Some devices are used for fire detection as well as for intrusion (Purpua, 2002). Each security detector has a different user interface, ranging from just simple noise producers to more intricate and complex devices that integrate both software and hardware with a console for monitoring purposes. These days there are a number of other security devices that utilize different techniques in detecting intruders. While others employ light, others like the ultrasound detectors use sound in order to fend off intruders (Philips, 2002).                                         The most widely used security detectors in the field of risk aversion employ passive infrared and microwave detectors that utilize measurements taken from the intensity of radiation received from items that could be in its field of view (Purpua, 2002). These sensors are used in the manufacture and assembling of motion detectors. Successful detection is achieved when a source such as human beings bypasses another source such as a door or window. Since the two object s will emit different intensities of electromagnetic radiations, the sensors are able to detect this and relay this information to the control boards as intrusion (Reid, 2005). We are first going to discuss about security devices that use infrared radiation as its intrusion technique. Characteristic of Infrared Radiation                       Infrared radiation which is sometimes shortened to IR, is part of the larger broader electromagnetic spectrum that includes, radio waves, visible light, microwaves among others (Barnard, 2001). IR radiation exhibits wavelengths of 0.7-300 micrometers and also displays a frequency range of between 1-430 Terahertz. This wavelength is of a greater wavelength than that of visible light. The infrared radiation is further divided into 3 categories based on the length of the wavelengths: Near Infrared: This form of radiation closely resembles visible light in characteristics, with wavelength of approximately between 0.7-1.3 microns. The second categ ory is Mid Infrared whose wavelength is between 1.3-3 microns. It is important to note that these two categories of infrared radiation are widely used in a number of electronic devices. The third and last category that constitutes Infrared radiation is the thermal infrared, which takes up a big part of the infrared radiation spectrum (Barnard, 2001). It displays wavelength characteristics of 3-30 microns. Another important point to note is that when the first two categories are reflected by objects or items, thermal infrared is rather emitted from objects as a result of actions taking place on the atomic stage (Barnard, 2001).

Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum Example

Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum Example Detectors Within The Electromagnetic Spectrum â€" Essay Example > OUTLINEIntroductionCharacteristic of Infrared RadiationEmission of Infrared LightAdvantages of Infrared DetectorsDisadvantages of Infrared DetectorsApplication of Infrared Radiation in Security DetectorsMicrowave detectorsMicrowave RadiationOperations of A microwave detectorDisadvantages of using a microwave detectorPhoto-electric beam detectorsCharacteristics of visible lightAdvantages of Photo beam detectorsConclusion    INTRODUCTION                       Security systems consist of electronic alarms designed to alert individuals and part of thee authority about oncoming source of danger. Inside the security systems, are sensors linked to a control console through wire connections. There could also be linked through electromagnetic wave signals that are associated together to a response gadget. Most security detectors function as motion detectors placed on windows and doors to signify the presence of an oncoming person or object. Some devices are used for fire detection as well as for intrusion (Purpua, 2002). Each security detector has a different user interface, ranging from just simple noise producers to more intricate and complex devices that integrate both software and hardware with a console for monitoring purposes. These days there are a number of other security devices that utilize different techniques in detecting intruders. While others employ light, others like the ultrasound detectors use sound in order to fend off intruders (Philips, 2002).                                         The most widely used security detectors in the field of risk aversion employ passive infrared and microwave detectors that utilize measurements taken from the intensity of radiation received from items that could be in its field of view (Purpua, 2002). These sensors are used in the manufacture and assembling of motion detectors. Successful detection is achieved when a source such as human beings bypasses another source such as a door or window. Since the two object s will emit different intensities of electromagnetic radiations, the sensors are able to detect this and relay this information to the control boards as intrusion (Reid, 2005). We are first going to discuss about security devices that use infrared radiation as its intrusion technique. Characteristic of Infrared Radiation                       Infrared radiation which is sometimes shortened to IR, is part of the larger broader electromagnetic spectrum that includes, radio waves, visible light, microwaves among others (Barnard, 2001). IR radiation exhibits wavelengths of 0.7-300 micrometers and also displays a frequency range of between 1-430 Terahertz. This wavelength is of a greater wavelength than that of visible light. The infrared radiation is further divided into 3 categories based on the length of the wavelengths: Near Infrared: This form of radiation closely resembles visible light in characteristics, with wavelength of approximately between 0.7-1.3 microns. The second categ ory is Mid Infrared whose wavelength is between 1.3-3 microns. It is important to note that these two categories of infrared radiation are widely used in a number of electronic devices. The third and last category that constitutes Infrared radiation is the thermal infrared, which takes up a big part of the infrared radiation spectrum (Barnard, 2001). It displays wavelength characteristics of 3-30 microns. Another important point to note is that when the first two categories are reflected by objects or items, thermal infrared is rather emitted from objects as a result of actions taking place on the atomic stage (Barnard, 2001).

Islamic Financial Instrument Research Assignment Paper - 1925 Words

Islamic Financial Instrument Research Assignment Paper (Research Paper Sample) Content: Islamic Financial InstrumentNameInstitutionIslamic Financial InstrumentIntroductionIslamic finance is progressively more growing and augmenting its global valuable market on an everyday basis. In recent years, the arrival and rise of Sukuk has been the most important development in the Islamic capital markets. Sukuk is defined as Islamic bonds and signify the comparative ownership of a prevailing asset or a group of diversified assets, and an assurance against prevailing or future cash flows that are generated from these assets for a particular time period. It is a pioneering debt security that is akin to the conventional bond with regard to cash flow and risk. In recent years, this Islamic bond market has experienced a growth rate of roughly 10 to 15 percent. It signifies just about 15 percent of the global Islamic finance asset (Alam et al., 2013). The purpose of this paper is to discuss Sukuk and the Islamic capital markets. It will outline the dissimilarities betw een Sukuk and conventional bonds, the significance of a capital in an economy, and the investment in Sukuk from the standpoint of the Sharia law.Purpose and Scope of StudyIn recent years, there has been considerable advancement in Islamic Finance. The study focuses on the following issues: 1 The main perceptible differences between conventional bond and Islamic Sukuk. 2 The significance of the capital market to an economy with respect to Islamic Sukuks 3 What is the perspective and stand point of Sharia Law with regarding to investing in Sukuk 4 Theoretical background and the literature review of the different kinds of Sukuk. 5 A reflection of what I have learnt regarding Sukuk and Islamic Finance.What are the differences between Conventional Bond and Islamic SukukThere are particular fundamental differences that exist between Sukuk and conventional bonds. A key aspect of difference lies in the fact that Sukuk follows Sharia law whereas conventional bonds do not follow such rules an d regulations. Another key difference between conventional bonds and Sukuk encompasses asset ownership which emanates from the overall structures of the Islamic finance products. In large part, Sukuk holders have ownership of the underlying assets involved in any Sukuk transaction reliant on the magnitude of their investment which ascertains the proportion they are eligible to (Ariff and Safari, 2012). In contrast, the nature of conventional bonds does not permit this sort of ownership taking into account the fact that securities are deemed to be debt obligations. Conventional bonds are simply issued debt obligations to the bold holders by the bond issuer as a form of evidence that the debt does exist. An imperative dissimilarity is that there is now ownership within the business that is transferred to the bold holder. As a result, as for the Sukuk, it signifies a percentage in the business whereas conventional bonds basically signify a portion in the total debt (Ariff et al., 2013) . Pricing is another area of difference. On one hand, the pricing of Sukuk is done in accordance to the value of the assets backing them. On the other hand, with respect to conventional bonds, the pricing is centered on credit rating. In addition, Sukuk have the prospect of increasing in value when the assets also increase in value whereas for conventional bonds, the profits generated match up to fixed interest (Yesuf, 2016).A second key aspect of difference between Sukuk and conventional binds is risk exposure. On one hand, the risk that Sukuk faces fluctuates on the basis of their structure. Moreover, particular kinds of risks are solely applicable to either Sukuk or conventional bond and yet they share certain risks. With regard to Sukuk, the fundamental and significant faced is the breach of standards set by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions. On the other hand, conventional bonds are cause to experience different kinds of risk in which a number of these risks are shared by Sukuk. First, financial risk is the risk that there will be failure to pay the interest or face value. This risk can take place in both conventional bonds and Sukuk, but the remedial approaches are dissimilar. With respect to the conventional bond, the bold holders are obligated to resort to the issuer for the amount due. In contrast, Sukuk have recourse on the underlying asset and not to the liquidated individual (Afshar, 2013). Secondly, call risk is the kind of risk in which a bold holder is obliged to sell the unpaid bond back to the bond issuer. With respect to conventional bonds, they are cause to experience this risk when a big market interest takes place. This is an issue as bond holders become disadvantaged from the higher original rate of interest. In contrast, Sukuk is not subject to any variance in the market rates of interests. Third, liquidity risk is the risk that the bond is not marketable at equitable price and time owing to lack or inefficacious secondary market. Both conventional bonds such as municipal and corporate bonds as well as non-tradeable Sukuk (Afshar, 2013).Why is Capital Market essential to an economy?In delineation, capital market is the market that permits raising both medium terms and long term finance. The capital market plays a fundamental role in the economy. It offers an assortment of financial instruments that facilitates economic agents in the pooling, pricing and exchanging of risk. By means of assets with appealing yields, liquidity, and risk features, it stimulates saving in a financial form. This is vital for the government in terms of obtaining longstanding funds. As pointed out by Balami (2015), the capital market is a network of specified financial establishments, sequences of mechanism, procedures as well as infrastructure that, in numerous dissimilar manners enable the pool suppliers and users of medium to long-term capital for the investment in various projects for economic development.Sharia Point of View on Investing in SukukInvestment in Sukuk should be compliant with Sharia law. To begin with, the acceptance or payment of interest, also referred to as Riba for investments is absolutely proscribed. In the same manner, the obligation of penalties for lay payments is also forbidden by the law. Secondly, trading under uncertainty in all financial transactions is not allowed. This is because it is deemed to be a zero sum game that bring about imbalanced payoffs. In addition, from the perspective of the Sharia Law, money is no considered to be a financial asset, but simply a medium of exchange and a value metric. Therefore, trading without an underlying asset for anything aside from what is par is not allowed. In addition, Sukuk that encompasses alcoholic beverages, gambling, proscribed drugs are completely forbidden (Howladar, 2009).Theoretical Background (Literature Review) of the different types of SukukThere are two different types of Sukuk, the asse t based Sukuk and asset backed Sukuk. For starters, with respect to the asset based Sukuk, the holders of the Islamic bond have beneficial ownership in the underlying asset. This is where particular property rights, for instance, its use and title are in the possession of an individual despite the fact that the legal title of such property belongs to another individual. In particular the Sukuk holders have recourse to the asset originator in the event that there is a deficit or shortage in payments (Afshar, 2013). On the other hand, with respect to the asset backed Sukuk, the Sukuk holders owned the underlying asset and for the reason do not have legal recourse to the asset but rather to the asset originator in the event that there is a deficit or shortage in payment. Another key dissimilarity is that under the asset based Sukuk, in the instance of sales of assets, the investors obtain their face value, and the surplus goes to the originator. In contrast, under the asset backed Suku k, there is delineation of legal and financial due diligence owing to the reason that investors are compensated from the assets cash flow and reclamation. In addition, under the asset backed Sukuk, the Sukuk holders are owners and the assets are considered to be ownership interest. On the other hand, with regard to asset based Sukuk, the assets remain on the financial books of the originator and the Sukuk holders are creditors (Afshar, 2013).From its inception, the issuance of Sukuk has been done in different nations. To begin with, in the nation of Saudi Arabia, the first issuance of Sukuk raised $9billion. The five-year notes were sold at a rate of 2.93 percent whereas the 10-year notes were sold at a rate of 3.65 perc...

Ethical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay - 1333 Words

Issues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. Selective marketing is used to discourage the demand from undesirable markets or just by disenfranchising them altogether. Examples of unethical market is the exclusion markets such as gay, ethnic minorities, and plus-size markets. Unethical marketing behaviors will cause legal troubles and a bad reputation. Here are some practices of unethical marketing, in which all should be avoided. First, Exploitation, which is using scare tactics or hard sells against vulnerable consumers. Second, Spamming which is the flooding a customer’s voicemail, mailbox, email or any other means of communication with unwanted messages. Third, bad mouthing the competition is tal king down on values and benefits of your competion’s product or service . (Hunt, S. D., Chonko, L. B., Wilcox, J. B., 1984) Forth, Misleading Advertisement and Information, which is any exaggerated claim or dishonest promise which will cause the customers to mistrust companies and spread that the product a failure. As companies conduct research they come into contact with confidential and personal information, which comes at a level of risk for both the business andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issues Of Marketing1488 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: - marketing is a tool which the organization makes use of to provide Valuable products or services to customers by using the expertise of the organization And at the same time to achieve the goals of the organization. Marketing is an organ of the company which communicates The merits of the product or service to its customer to which it intends to sell its Product or service. Marketing is done by the company not only to communicate aboutRead MoreEthical Issues in Marketing1566 Words   |  7 PagesEthical issues in marketing The importance of ethics in marketing is growing. Recognition and respect for ethics, covering a wide range of issues can be used as USP (unique selling point) for a company. Each society will have it own unwritten code of behavior. However view of matter will change over time. Due to this societal marketing concept has emerged which requires that marketer adhere to socially responsible and ethical practices in the marketing of their goods and products. Below is the definitionRead MoreEthical Issues in Marketing3405 Words   |  14 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing: The Context of Developing Countries Introduction: Marketing, in contemporary times, has seen a tumultuous change in the way its conducted in developing countries. The oft cited dictum that only change is constant in the marketing genre is an apposite one. Just as the media of social communication themselves have enormous influence everywhere, so advertising and marketing, using media as their vehicles, are pervasive, powerful forces shaping attitudes and behavior inRead MoreEthical Issues Of Food Marketing2294 Words   |  10 Pagesindustry and will outline the ethical issue of food marketing towards children by reviewing the existing marketing ethics literature. The paper will evaluate the ethical responsibilities of marketing managers towards the issue of food marketing towards children and its impact. The paper will also explore and propose how managers of marketing can change their strategies to improve the ethical performance of the company by analyzing theories such as business ethics, social marketing and corpo rate social responsibilityRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing : Marketing Ethics871 Words   |  4 PagesEthical issues in Marketing - Marketing ethics deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. Possible fundamental frameworks of analysis for marketing audit are: - Value-oriented framework, ethical problems on the basis of the values which they infringe honesty, autonomy, privacy, transparency. †¢ - Stakeholder-orientated framework, analyzing ethical problems on the basis of whom they affect: consumers, competitors, society as a whole †¢ - Process-orientated frameworkRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Ethics1924 Words   |  8 Pagesbehavior, code of conduct, ability to distinguish between the good and the bad. In general, ethical marketing is a process through which an organization or a company sells its products and services by using the fair means of ethical principles there by creating a strong customer relationship resulting in an increased value of stakeholders. Therefore, marketing principles includes a fair and true level in marketing communications, respecting the privacy of its customers, obeying and following the governmentRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Research2143 Words   |  9 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing Research Ethics is that branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions (Ethics, 2015). What is Ethical Marketing? Business ethics is one of the most complicated and contentious subjects in human society. The difference between right and wrong always has lots of conflicts. What is right to one may not be the same toRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Field Of Australia1450 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing Field of Australia Introduction: Ethics is the principle of differentiating between right and wrong. In business and marketing process, a number of ethical issues are involved that may have a positive or negative impact on the company. The term Ethical marketing is not only a marketing strategy but also a philosophy. It encourages a company representative to be honest, fair, and responsible in all advertising. It also includes communication skill, leadership skill, teamworkRead MoreEthical Issues Of Health Care Marketing936 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Health Care Marketing In today’s competitive world, in order for any organization to succeed it requires the most fundamental aspect of marketing, which is to focus on their consumers (Berkowitz, 2011). As the marketing and technological development continues to keep expanding, as an outcome various health care organizations also need to be more adaptable to suffice the growing needs and demands of their consumers. Furthermore, there is a downside for the advancement in health careRead MoreEthical And Environmental Issues Of International Marketing1408 Words   |  6 Pagesoutlets in Abu Dahbi, SharJah, Al Ain, Fujairah, Al Khaimah. We will introduce our at least 30 outlets in those cities . Other companies have their outlet here. . (AC 3.4) Ethical and environmental issues in international marketing within Dubai: The following issues are the ethical and environmental issue of international marketing ion Dubai: Product related: The Hilfiger have to consider the production process in terms of pollution, Hilfiger need to consider the recycling and waste management

3 Methods Used to Steal Trees

Tom Kazee is s woodland security expert based in Orange Park, Florida. Tom has decades of experience in the woodland security business and contributes regularly to Tree Farmer Magazine. He has written a great piece on timber theft with tips on how to prevent this kind of theft. Mr. Kazee suggests there are basically three ways timber is stolen. As a timber owner or forest manager, you would be wise to study these methods of theft and take preventative actions to avoid a rip-off. The purpose of this report is only to make you wise to the ways of a timber thief. Although the vast majority of people who buy and harvest trees are honest there are people who will cheat and try to deceive timber owners and sellers for financial gain. Harvesting Directly on Your Property Thieves will set up a harvest directly on your property or will move over on you from adjacent ownership. They have observed that the propertys management and know that timber theft is an acceptable risk. Although mistakes can happen to honest loggers, I am talking here about timber being taken with evil intent. Ways to Prevent the Theft: Inspect your property regularly. Your own neglect can encourage thieves. Inspections will also catch insect and disease problems early and head off line encroachment.Maintain and refresh proper boundary markings. It is much easier to do this when property lines are still visible. Always freshen up your lines when harvesting is occurring on adjacent property.Cultivate good neighbors and encourage good lease-holders to keep an eye open. Pretend to Be a Buyer Thieves dressed as buyers will offer absurdly low prices for timber knowing that the landowner has no idea of the value. Although it is not a crime to give away your trees, it is a crime to misrepresent their value Ways to Prevent the Theft: Timber market values and tree volumes can be hard to determine without a professional. Always get a second opinion of values and volumes, especially where large acreage is involved. You might want to hire a forestry consultant or buy a timber inventory from a third party.Check out all timber buyers by asking for referrals and by inquiring about the buyer at your local or state foresters office.Avoid the temptation to make a quick sell to a friendly buyer. Take a deep breath and ask the buyer for some time for you to think about what you are going to do. You should not feel pressured by the buyer. Making a Lump Sum Sale Thieves can actually steal trees after you have approved and allowed the harvest. Poor accounting in both lump sum sales and unit sales can tempt a logger or a trucker to misreport trees cut and/or volumes represented. Ways to Prevent the Theft: No timber should leave the loading site on pay-as-cut sales unless the load has been recorded by date, species, time and destination. Reputable loggers have these records.All records must be available for inspection and collected at the end of each week. These records should then be compared to scale tickets for reconciliation.You or your agent need to be on-site and visible at random times during the week.

Immigration Policy Historically Has Been Influenced By Our...

Immigration policy historically has been influenced by our country’s fear to uphold â€Å"traditional† American culture often rooted in a sense of anti-immigration and xenophobia. We perpetuate this by allowing the criminalization of communities of color, mainly with the large Latino population in the U.S. A large portion of the immigrants who arrive in the country are fleeing dangerous homelands pitted with economic and political turmoil. Their situation is worsened by our country’s broken immigration system where families are separated, immigrants are exploited as work labor, discrimination is rampant, and the pathways to citizenship are convoluted at best. We as a country need to uphold our values of freedom and equality when immigrants come to our country and reform our immigration system to be more reflective of this. In light of the recent occurrences with ISIS related terrorism committed by foreigners such as the San Bernardino shooting or the Orlando nigh t club shooting, there has been some resistance from the country in regards to immigration. Additionally the age old worry of job security also heightens our sensitivity towards immigrants with jobs, as they compete for them. Despite this, Clinton’s Immigration policy seeks to transform the U.S. into a version of our former selves with family at the heart of her immigration policies. In regards to this, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has a long history of promoting immigration changes through comprehensiveShow MoreRelatedThe Influx Of Immigrants During The United States Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe influx of immigrants in the United States has been a source of much controversy since the 1790s. Throughout U.S. history there have always been immigration waves shaping the respective time period. For example, the 1880s were characterized by an increase of eastern and southern Europeans, while post-1965 has seen an increased presence of immigrants primarily from Latin A merica and Asia (Barone 12). Each wave of immigrants adds to the diversity of the U.S. population by bringing their own languagesRead MoreThe Border Security Act Of 20131701 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress the mismanagement of the Department of Homeland Security in regard to immigration policy, and would have provided more clear paths to citizenship for millions of undocumented workers. Another bill, the â€Å"Safe Communities, Safe Schools Act of 2013† drafter to tighten gun control in the wake of the Sandy Hook Massacre. The defeat of 7 amendments to the bill led Harry Reid to pull it in its entirety before a vote had been cast. The divided congress made the chances of these bills getting passed muchRead MoreAffirmative Action in Colleges1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe competition in college admissions has increased as more emphasis is put on obtaining college college education as a way of succeeding. Although there has been a notable increase in college enrollment during the last few decades, there is a disparity in social and economical achievement between Whites and Asians, and African-Americans and Hispanics. In order to combat this gap, the Kennedy administration in 1961 instituted a policy called affirmative action aimed towards counteracting the racialRead MoreSpain Political Analysis1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe kingdom of Spain is roughly about 504,750 sq. km., including the Balearic and Canary islands (CIA). This land mass is roughly double the size of our state of Oregon. The country is located in Western Europe and borders the countries of; Andorra, France, Gibraltar, Portugal and Morocco (Ceuta and Melilla) (CIA). The country has roughly about 30% arable land and exports much of its agricultural products. The Spanish population is about 40.1 million people with about 1% growth rate (CIA). TheRead MoreAssimilation: the Latino Experience Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration has always been an issue in the United States, which is o ften portrayed as harmful and as major threat to American culture. As a result, various anti immigration policies have been aimed against immigrants in order to prevent and preserve the miscegenation of American culture, such as English only policies. Among the largest minority groups in the U.S, are Latinos who currently compose of 15% of the U.S population (Delgado and Stefancic 3). Unfortunately, Latinos have been accused ofRead MoreEssay on Increasing Security at The Mexican American Border3613 Words   |  15 Pagesa disparity in wealth and lifestyle. Our border with Mexico divides one of the Wests richest countries with a struggling third world economy. The nature of the border presents many unique issues; Mexican refuges looking for a better life here in America, Mexican drug lords exporting drugs to drug savvy America, American jobs going overseas for cheaper labor, as well as the integrating of our two cultures. Mexican immigration is a liability in our country, for re asons that I will state. Yet despiteRead MoreEducational Practices in Finland, Canada, and China1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, it will be looking at the culture and education practices of Finland, Canada, and China. Education varies from country to country as well as does ones culture, lifestyle of the people who live there. 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Bernie Sanders is somewhat the opposite when it comes to hisRead MoreA Permanent Or Semi Permanent Change Of Residence3784 Words   |  16 Pagestwenty-first century, the world has been turned into a global village due to advanced technology and globalization that have helped to serve the current economic and social needs. Lee (1966) has defined migration as ‘a permanent or semi-permanent change of residence’ (49). The spatial mobility is dictated by factors such as the area of origin, destination, obstacles, and personal interests. A global city is marked by cultural, racial, and ethnic diversity due to immigration and settlement. CapitalismRead MorePolitical Ideology Paper4615 Words   |  19 Pagesare democrats, and they choose to be of this political spectrum because they feel like the Democratic Party represents them. They feel as they stand for policies that will better them as people. With me, I am my own person so I take in the considerations of my parentsâ₠¬â„¢ choice, but also make my own decisions. I do believe in some of the policies and ideas of the Democratic Party, but disagree on some of them as well. So this is the reason why I consider myself a democratic moderate. There are many

Womens Rights in Pride and Prejudice Persuasion by...

â€Å"Are women allowed to say No†, in Pride and Prejudice / Persuasion by Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice (whose original title was First Impressions) was written in 1796-1797 when Jane Austen was 21 years old and first published in 1813. It tells us the story of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy, who will overcome the pride and prejudice they feel towards each other to find mutual happiness. Persuasion was written between 1815 and 1816. The main character, Anne Elliot, has suffered unhappiness after taking her family’s and friend’s advice to reject a man she loves. The â€Å"truth universally acknowledged† in the opening lines of Pride and Prejudice â€Å"that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† defines the†¦show more content†¦During 18th and 19th century England, only the sons of families inherited the land, money or estate – these went to the eldest son and were not divided equally. Daughters never inherited anything, if there was no son, the nearest living male relative was the beneficiary. In Pride and Prejudice, on their father’s death, the Bennet sisters will lose the estate as it is ‘entailed’ to their cousin, Mr Collins. In Persuasion, it is a significant detail of the plot that Kellynch will pass to Anne’s cousin, William Elliot. In Jane Austen’s day, there was no state-organised education system. There were church-run day schools in the best of cases for the lower class, but the genteel children of Austen’s novels were given lessons at home by their parents or by tutors, or they were boarders or in local schools to which girls were not admitted. Parents had the choice for their children’s education and upbringing, but the choice depended mainly on their financial resources. Women were not allowed to attend public schools and since they did not usually make a career (the exception being if they were obliged because of their financial situation to become a governess), parents (and society) saw no need for them to receive higher education. â€Å"Female education† referred to women receiving a practical (and religious) training for their future domestic roles. Domestic training would be sewing or needlework,Show MoreRelatedJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane A usten and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen and Social Status1559 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen essay outline Jane Austen, the English novelist, often spoke of what living under social classes was like with the status of women and their class during her time in the nineteenth century. Miss Austens novels all outlined this common link, during which she shows how it affects other peoples views of one another with respect. The upper class did not work, and contained some of the oldest families, in which most were titled aristocrats. Most of the income was received upon birthRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pagesexpectations of her elders. They were not to speak their minds and pursue their own interests. This concept of conformity is highlighted in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice in which the majority of women lack individuality in their pursuit of marriage causing marriages to be based purely around self interest, money, or titles. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is juxtaposed with numerous other loveless relationships to highlight the importance of a woman’s freeRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 PagesIntroduction to the Novel. 11 2.2. The Novel of Manners, Sentiment and Emulation. 12 2.3 The Gothic Romance. 13 3. Jane Austen and Her Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 Read MoreËÆ∠«Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¤Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¡Ã¢â€° ¤ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€" ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ãƒ ©Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¦Ãƒ ¨Ãƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ £Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ã¢â€°  Ãƒ Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ãƒ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€°Ãƒâ€"ËßÇÂà ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ©Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€šÃƒÅ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¡4201 Words   |  17 PagesÃ¥ ° Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ§ § Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¥â€™Å'çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…çš„æ  Ã¥â€ â„¢Ã¯ ¼Å'è § £Ã¦Å¾ Ã¥â€™Å'æŽ ¢Ã¨ ® ¨Ã¯ ¼Å'充分ä ½â€œÃ§Å½ °Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¤ ½Å"者的çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…å’Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¨ §â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¿â„¢Ã§ ¯â€¡Ã¨ ® ºÃ¦â€"‡å ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¦ ® µÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¯ ¦Ã§ »â€ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¦Å¾ Ã¯ ¼Å'æ  ¥Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã¨ ® ¨Ã£â‚¬Å Ã¥â€š ²Ã¦â€¦ ¢Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¥  Ã¨ § Ã£â‚¬â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Ë† ±Ã¦Æ'…è §â€šÃ¥â€™Å'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¨ §â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ©â€š £Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¦ â€¹Ã§Ë† ±Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸Å½Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã¤ º §Ã¥â€™Å'ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½ Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã¥â€¦ ³Ã¨ â€Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½â€ Ã¦ â€¹Ã§Ë† ±Ã¥ ©Å ¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¤ »â€¦Ã¥ â€"å† ³Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã¤ º §Ã¥â€™Å'ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½ ,æ ­ £Ã§ ¡ ®Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¥ ºâ€Ã¥ ½â€œÃ¥ » ºÃ§ «â€¹Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã§Ë† ±Ã¦â€¦â€¢Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ºâ€™Ã¥ °Å Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Å¸ ºÃ§ ¡â‚¬Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¥ ¹Ã¦â€" ¢Ã¥  Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¤ ¸ ºÃ©â€™ ±Ã¨â‚¬Å'ç »â€œÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¹Å¸Ã¥  Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¨ ½ »Ã§Å½â€¡Ã§ »â€œÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¼ ºÃ¨ °Æ'Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¦Æ'…å›  Ã§ ´  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€¡ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã£â‚¬â€š å… ³Ã©â€ ®Ã¨ ¯  çˆ ±Ã¦Æ'…; Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ § »; 金é’ ±; ç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å" °Ã¤ ½     Introduction Pride and prejudice the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austen’s famous book, being the representative of realistic literature. It portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This

The Key to Successful Harvard Univeristy Supplemental Essay Topics

The Key to Successful Harvard Univeristy Supplemental Essay Topics Like as hard as you can. As an independent writer there's the chance of making supplemental income or maybe to derive earning a living from writing. Even though some events have long-term or even lifetime ramifications, it's usually more advisable to concentrate on recent events since they shed more light on who you are at this time. Coming from an extremely compact charter middle school, higher school was rather shocking. 12th grade will be so terrific! Something which is offered, presented, or given as a present. If Northwestern is a top selection, and you truly feel comfortable applying through the Early Decision procedure, you're strongly encouraged to think about applying Early Decision. The subsequent Sample Admissions Many universities and colleges around the world ask you to compose an admission essay as a portion of the application approach. 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A summary of The significance of the Frontier by Frederick free essay sample

Turner considered that vital since the official American history up 2 that time consisted of he colonization of the West that It was this that explained American development. The West compelled Pl to adapt themselves 2 developing each area out of Its primitive economic/political conditions. Its isolation led to the need of transportation. -The American frontier Is distinct from the European frontier due 2 an abundance of free land. Its Isolation led to the need of transportation. -Although the frontier forced Pl to change (switch from railroad car to canoe) it still maintains frontier characteristics after being settled. Thus, the frontier meant a teddy movement away form the Influence of Europe. -The areas that had been settled upon were a source of political concern since it was surrounded by Indians. The frontier led to trade between Indians whites. I. E. Astor American Fur co. Operated in the Indian trade. -The need to expand Is Inherent In Americans (Ruler Canal, extension of cotton culture). We will write a custom essay sample on A summary of The significance of the Frontier by Frederick or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -California(gold rush) was a distinctive frontier. Now settlers needed means of communication w/the East. -Railroads (aided by land grants) increased the influx of immigrants into the Far West.Natural boundary lines which affected the characteristics of the frontiers_ 1) fall line 2) Allegheny Mats. 3) Mississippi/Missouri (direction North south) 4)99th 1 OFF -Frontiers similar in many ways.. 1) Indian problem 2) each settlement of one frontier served as a guide for the next for example, the mining experience in Wisconsin was applied to the Sierras. -Frontier differences: The frontier reached by the railroad, guarded by the US army, moved forward at a swifter pace and in a different way than the frontier reached by the canoe/horse.The unequal rate of settlement is what forces the distinction between various frontiers(traders,miner etc). -Colonies initially supported the fur trade and pushed forward exploration because of it. Unarmed Indians traded w/the trader to obtain weapons thus, ending the primitive Indian life. -In spite of tensions between frontiers such as, the trader and farmer, Indian trade pioneered the way for civilization. The buffalo trail became the Indian trail, this in turn was the traders traces. Thus civilization in America has followed the arteries dad by geology and these paths have been broadened and interwoven into the mazes of modern commercial lines. -The finding of salt springs released the original settlers from reliance on sea coasts. Salt was used 4 preserving food. This in turn allowed us to decrease our dependence on G. B. (more difficult to transport goods/carry of raw materials). Those materials gave way to diversified agriculture. -The steady advance of farmers was the result of their search 4 fertile land out west. -Symbolized freedom.Indentured servants who completed their work could obtain and, immigrants where Americanizes and fused into a mixed race. The growth of nationalism and the evolution of American political constitutions were dependent on the advance of the frontier. -The pioneer needed the goods of the coast. Thus came the demand for internal improvements which led to sectional voting/debates and resulted in loose construction(land ordinance of 1787). The gobo. Tried using land as a source of revenue. Jackson Just gave away land to settlers. Legislation was made w/regard to the frontier. I. E. Land, tariff, and internal improvements. Ability killed nationalism since the western frontier worked in unsettling population. The frontier promoted democracy here in Euro. It promoted individualism. It was W. NY that forced an extension of suffrage. It was this individualism that induced America to allow a laxity in regard to governmental affairs -W. Statesman was inferior in logic to an old Valor. Statesman/slaves. But when he went home he takes hold of the plow which gave him muscle and allowed him to preserve his republican principles -The East always feared an unregulated advance of the frontier, and tried to check and guide it.

Performance Management for Firm-Level Performance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePerformance Management for Firm-Level Performance. Answer: Introduction It is crucial for every organization to perform performance management and appraisal for their employees. Effective performance appraisal ensures growth and success of employees and the organization. However, appraisal systems have been misunderstood and mismanaged by various organizations which affect the operations of the organization (DeNisi Smith, 2014). The International labor organization is concerned with different activities globally and hence has several departments. Technology Department is one critical department for the organization which deals with the technical matters. As such, it is vital for the department to perform well as it impacts directly or indirectly to the success of the whole organization. This paper, therefore, discusses performance expectations of an Information Technology (IT) expert, environmental factors contributing to the performance, and aspects that would be considered as poor performance. IT expert good performance IT department forms the backbone of various organizations. We are in the 21st century where the world is evolving so fast regarding technology. Therefore, an employee working as an IT expert in an organization much is required from him/her. These expectations could be attributed to various factors. Technology determines business innovation Technology has revolutionized the world making it become a global language. Innovation and invention are very vital for growth and success of the business. If an IT expert cannot come up with new ideas concerning business performance, there are high chances of the business collapsing and becoming extinct. A sluggish IT department, therefore, slows the growth of a company by limiting its ability to adapt swiftly to ever-shifting market demands. It as well affects innovation and invention process (Padilla-Prez Gaudin, 2014) and thereby, the release of new products or services may never occur or take a long time. Customer satisfaction and the organization-customer relationship is also destroyed that makes the organization lose market to its competitors. Therefore, organizations need to reorganize their IT department and reap the best of it. Information Technology results in enhanced work effectiveness IT expert has a huge role to play in ensuring the operations of the organization run effectively and efficiently. A well experienced IT expert can provide high-quality job which positively affects the final result of a company. Efficient IT performance, in turn, enhances the performance of other employees and their productivity (Wu et al., 2015). Its through IT department that employees can connect and interact comfortability with each other and the customers. As such, an IT expert is expected to work smart, effectively, and align all the operations of the company in order. Information Technology provides consistent, relevant, and easily accessible information An IT expert is expected to make information available for all other staff of the organization. The information should be relevant, consistent, and of high quality. In turn, this will translate to quality service and product delivery, user satisfaction, and benefit both the organization and individual employee (Peppard Ward, 2016). The smooth flow of information is vital to smooth business operation. By coordinating with the Human Resource management team, an IT expert is expected to ensure all activities of an organization runs smoothly. Environmental factors contributing to the performance requirements IT department focuses mostly on the most important and crucial matters of business. They deal with data analysis, disruptive technologies in business operations, cloud computing, and ever-changing consumer preference. Despite the fact that IT has been shown to enhance the performance of an organization, several environmental factors are involved as well. Environmental hostility and complexity The environment determines the performance of the IT department. Hostility, for instance, leads to poor performance by weakening the business process agility while environment complexity strengthens (Chen et al., 2014) it hence good performance. Market and economic shifts Due to the rapidly changing business environment, an IT expert is required to possess excellent skills to adapt to the changing environment. Unseen or unanticipated environmental changes may have an adverse impact on the overall performance of an organization (Rezaee, 2017). Therefore, IT experts are expected to be ready to handle any disaster or economic shift that may occur. Customer focus Customers expect good quality products and services. No one wants to spend money on products that do not match their value. Therefore, expectations by consumers make the expectations of IT experts to be high. Due to such factors, they are required to produce high-quality products; otherwise, they risk losing the market. Speed to market and market agility The market in the world today is changing drastically. One of the reasons is the growing use of technology in business operations. Numerous organizations have embraced technology, and therefore, it is essential for an organization to remain at per with new technologies. New and modern technologies can help an organization keep with speed of the growing market and hence remain effective and at play (Chen et al., 2014). This can only be achieved by proficient IT experts who are conversant with all aspects of information technology. Organization strategic goals International Labor Organization (ILO), is a global organization that aims in ensuring that human and labor rights are protected throughout the world. Therefore, it has numerous offices worldwide, and data emission (from the headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland) and information sharing is crucial amongst the stations. Information technology, therefore, is critical for smooth organization operations. As such, it calls for well-equipped IT experts who can coordinate ad virtualize the systems in the entire organization. Technology plays a significant role in the realization of its strategic objectives. The goals of the ILO are; promoting better standards at places of work, creating employment opportunities for men and women, social protection for all people, and tripartism strengthening (Helfer, 2006). All these are possible through proper IT coordination. IT experts have a huge role in ensuring all organization projects are coordinated in all the centers globally and ensure data integri ty while liaising with other managerial teams. What makes an IT expert a bad performer IT department controls all aspects of work in an organization virtually. Every eye, therefore, is directed towards IT experts and in case the productivity of a company goes down, the blame is put on the IT department. Various factors contribute to poor performance of an IT expert. First and foremost, these people are under a lot of pressure as every other department looks up to them. Due to the high expectations from their colleagues, employers, and the society, an individual may fail to handle the pressure and hence underperform (Tuten Neidermeyer, 2004). Altitude also plays a chief role in enhancing performance. The wrong attitude towards technology can make an IT expert a bad performer. Performance appraisal is also very vital in ensuring the workers are motivated and hence become more productive (DeNisi Smith, 2014). It is clear that motivated employees perform better as compared to unmotivated workers. As such, performing performance appraisal in the organization will ensure employees give their best and remain committed to the operations of the company. Recommendations Motivating of the IT experts and other staff through rewards and incentives. It is important to undertake performance appraisal for the employees as it increases their commitment. Giving rewards and incentives motivates employees and thereby enhancing their performance and hence the success of the entire organization. Training of IT experts is also important in ensuring they are at per with the ever-changing technology. Qualified employees are in a position of experiencing less pressure since they are equipped to handle their job perfectly. Its through such training forums and seminars that an IT expert can be taught on the importance of their jobs and thereby have a positive attitude. Conclusion Employees working in the IT department determine either the success or failure of an organization. Well trained and experienced IT experts, who can handle ever-changing technological advancement, will lead to the productivity of the organization. It is crucial, however, to motivate the employees through rewards and incentives to enhance their performance. References Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Nevo, S., Jin, J., Wang, L., Chow, W. S. (2014). IT capability and organizational performance: the roles of business process agility and environmental factors. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(3), 326-342. DeNisi, A., Smith, C. E. (2014). Performance appraisal, performance management, and firm-level performance: a review, a proposed model, and new directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 127-179. DeNisi, A., Smith, C. E. (2014). Performance appraisal, performance management, and firm-level performance: a review, a proposed model, and new directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 127-179. Helfer, L. R. (2006). Understanding change in international organizations: Globalization and innovation in the ILO. Vand. L. Rev., 59, 649. Murali, S., Pugazhendhi, S., Muralidharan, C. (2016). Modelling and Investigating the relationship of after sales service quality with customer satisfaction, retention, and loyaltya case study of home appliances business. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30, 67-83. Padilla-Prez, R., Gaudin, Y. (2014). Science, technology and innovation policies in small and developing economies: The case of Central America. Research Policy, 43(4), 749-759. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Rezaee, Z. (2017). Business sustainability: Performance, compliance, accountability and integrated reporting. Routledge. Tuten, T. L., Neidermeyer, P. E. (2004). Performance, satisfaction, and turnover in call centers: The effects of stress and optimism. Journal of Business Research, 57(1), 26-34. Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W., Liang, T. P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and it managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), 497-518.

The Living and the Dead by Brian Mockenhaupt

The Living and the Dead by Brian MockenhauptIf you are looking for a great assignment for your college composition class, why not try the Living and the Dead by Brian Mockenhaupt. This may be a quick read, but it is one of the more important literature assignments you will ever take in your college career.In Living and the Dead, Mockenhaupt explains the three stages of life: the active, the passive, and the contemplative. He offers three exercises to help you make sense of the history of one's own life, from conception to death. Some students may find this boring, but many others find it entertaining.One of the strengths of Brian Mockenhaupt's writing is that he uses a consistent voice throughout the book. He takes on different characters, themes, and ideas to present the work in different ways. While Living and the Dead might not be an easy book to read, it certainly is one that will keep you interested. One of the other strengths of the book is the author's ability to present infor mation in such a way that it can inform thought.When preparing a sample essay, it is important to consider how much material the student wants to include. An essay of this length can be finished in about one or two hours, so it is important to include as much detail as possible. However, don't overdo it, as you can spend an hour or two writing and rewriting your paper before you're even finished with it.This, of course, means that there is no way to ensure that your final grade will be a perfect 10, but it does give you an idea of what it might look like and give you a sense of how much time you have left to finish the assignment. To give yourself a break from cramming, consider an outline for the essay, so that you can plan your main ideas and give them direction in the form of a logical sequence.The Living and the Dead by Brian Mockenhaupt is an excellent text for any composition class. It might be one of the best texts that I have seen for college students, as it covers a wide ra nge of subjects, and presents them in an organized manner. You should definitely consider including it in your school library or you will quickly find yourself spending hours reading and rereading it.As always, you can learn more about Living and the Dead by Brian Mockenhaupt by reading a review of the book online. Or, if you are planning on making a living by writing articles, books, or whatever, you might want to check out some of the free resources available for this book.

General Motors Product Development

Table of Contents Introduction General Motors’ Leadership Competitive Advantages Challenges to General Motors Strategies Possible Growth Strategies Conclusion References Introduction The automobile industry is characterized by impulsiveness and indecision due to constant political, social, technological and economic transformations. Consequently, automobile companies find themselves in dynamic situations that call for steady adjustments.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on General Motors Product Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In such circumstances, the companies require effective leadership to help in identifying the most feasible and productive changes. Brown (2007) maintains that car companies should transform their operations in order to remain competitive. Hence, they need transformational leaders who can identify emerging opportunities and restructure the companies to exploit the op portunities. The success of General Motors is credited to its effective leadership. In spite of General Motors having numerous competitive advantages over other automobile companies, it relies heavily on its transformative leaders. The leaders are responsible for formulating operation strategies and establishing appropriate structures to facilitate implementation of the plans. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of leadership in General Motors. Besides, it will identify various growth strategies that General Motors can pursue. General Motors’ Leadership According to Bayou and De Korvin (2013), the current state of automobile industry calls for transformative leadership. It underlines the reason General Motors hires transformative chief executive officers (CEO).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the transformative leadership of Mary Barra, General Moto rs has been able to restore order in all its global units. Bayou and De Korvin (2013) allege that the most critical role of a transformative leader is to re-establish order and shrewdness into the messy whirl that is the modern day’s business atmosphere. Prior to Barra assuming leadership of the company, General Motors’ product development processes were in absolute confusion. The company had at least 30 distinct platforms. Besides, the company offered inefficient services and manufactured inferior cars. There were needs to align operations and enhance organizational efficiency (Fogel, Morck Yeung, 2014). Barra embarked on these vital transformational objectives and within one year she managed to downsize the product line. In addition, she improved the quality of cars and ensured that employees were conscious of customer needs. Today, General Motors manufactures its cars based on customer demands and preferences. Barra has instituted a team of leaders with varied skil ls in the automobile industry to help the company meet customer demands. General Motors suffered from autocratic leadership for many years. The company’s leaders did not give employees an opportunity to explore their talents or make decisions. Employees received instructions from plant managers and CEO. Such leadership style inhibited innovation. In return, General Motors was unable to compete with other automobile companies leading to its meltdown. Currently, the General Motor’s leadership has eliminated bureaucracy and emphasized on employee empowerment (Fogel et al., 2014).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on General Motors Product Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employees are responsible for making decisions on matters affecting their areas of specialization. Besides, they are accountable for all their decisions. Barra’s leadership has restored employee commitment and innov ation leading to General Motors becoming competitive. Indeed, the current leadership has helped the company to be in the forefront of the fight against global warming. General Motors has not only managed to offer value to its clients, but also reduce the United States’ overreliance on hydrocarbon-based fuels. Competitive Advantages Bayou and De Korvin (2013) allege that General Motors is the second principal automobile company worldwide. One of the General Motors’ competitive advantages lies in its extensive geographic coverage. The company has 207 divisions that are distributed throughout the globe. The different divisions share ideas on product development with each other, thus helping the company to develop superior cars. One of the challenges that automobile companies encounter is lack of efficient design teams. However, General Motors has trounced this challenge by establishing a design team that can combine skills from different markets. Besides, General Motors p roduces its automobile parts at low costs due to economies of scale. According to Dyer (2006), General Motors has an extensive collection of regional brands such as Cadillac, Hummer, Buick, Pontiac, Chevrolet, Saturn, and Saab. The extensive collection of brands enables the company to compete with other automobile companies in local and regional markets. Its brands are not only strong, but also popular in most countries. Therefore, General Motors does not incur enormous marketing costs since most customers are familiar with its brands. Besides, General Motors reaches a broad market base relative to other companies.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Challenges to General Motors Strategies General Motors faces a myriad of challenges in its plan to recover from past financial meltdown. First, the company requires minimizing repetition in model production and producing vehicles that will increase its profit margin. To achieve this, General Motors has to ensure that its product range matches with the income distribution of its target markets. Second, the company’s technology is not consistent with the dynamic automobile industry (Fogel et al., 2014). General Motors should update its technology in order to implement its recovery strategies. Third, for General Motors to make a significant profit and minimize operation costs, it should scale down its global coverage. It requires relinquishing some markets that do not give it substantial returns. Even though General Motors has conquered the liquidation that it experienced in 2009, the company still requires containing its operation costs as a strategy to regain productivity. Fin ally, General Motors cannot realize its goals with undertaking a major restructuring and changing its corporate culture (Bayou De Korvin, 2013). The main challenge is that the United States’ government influences the decisions made by the company. Therefore, it is hard for General Motors to initiate cultural transformation or implement other strategies aimed at benefiting the company. Possible Growth Strategies For General Motors to overcome the current competition in the automobile industry, it should focus on alternative growth strategies. The company should invest in technology and focus on customer needs. There is high demand for trucks in the global market. Hence, General Motors should invest in truck development as one of its growth strategies (Fogel et al., 2014). The truck development will help General Motors to increase its revenues, and therefore its competitiveness in global market. Additionally, customers are buying hybrid vehicles since they are environmental fr iendly. Thus, General Motors should invest in hybrid electric cars as a measure to boost its sales volume. Conclusion Automobile industry is characterized by constant changes that call for effective leadership. Through transformative leadership, General Motors has managed to recover from past financial meltdown. Currently, the company is working hard to re-establish itself in the automobile industry. The leadership has helped General Motors to abolish bureaucracy and encourage innovation. The company has numerous divisions worldwide that makes it enjoy economies of scale. Moreover, it has an extensive collection of brands that are popular worldwide. The United States’ government influences decisions made by General Motors. Hence, it is hard for the company to initiate and implement recovery strategies. For instance, the company cannot reduce its global coverage since it has to get authorization from the government. General Motors should invest in hybrid electric cars and truc ks to achieve future growth. Demand for trucks and hybrid vehicles will continue to rise as people go for environmental-friendly cars. References Bayou, M., De Korvin, A. (2013). Measuring the leanness of manufacturing systems: A case study of Ford Motor Company and General Motors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 25(4), 287-304. Brown, A. (2007). Organizational culture: The key to effective leadership and organizational development. Leadership Organizational Development Journal, 13(2), 3-6. Dyer, J. (2006). Specialized supplier networks as a source of competitive advantage: Evidence from the auto industry. Strategic Management Journal, 17(4), 271-291. Fogel, K., Morck, R., Yeung, B. (2014). Big business stability and economic growth: Is what’s good for General Motors good for America?. Journal of Financial Economics, 89(1), 83-108. This case study on General Motors Product Development was written and submitted by user Zackery Acosta to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brazil and Italy Divorce Comparison Essay

Brazil and Italy Divorce Comparison Essay Brazil and Italy Divorce Comparison Sociology Essay Brazil and Italy Divorce Comparison Sociology Essay The main focus of this research is on the study of the dynamics of the divorce problem in Italy and Brazil. This study includes comparison of data associated with divorce issue, factors that contribute to divorce, and governmental efforts to solve the divorce problem. To have deep understanding of the topic, scholarly sources have been used, for example, â€Å"Marriage and Divorce: Changes and their Driving Forces† by Stevenson and Wolfers, â€Å"Socio-Economic and Cultural Correlates of Cohabitation in Brazil† by Covre-Sussai and Matthijs, â€Å"Legislative Changes and their Impact on Divorce, Separation and Marriage Rates in Brazil† Maristrello Porto and Butelli, and other works. The research presents the effects of legalization of divorce and describes the factors that account for divorce rate. Historical and cultural developments, rise of globalism, and introduction of new technology may lead to changes in people’s judgment, causing them to reconsider their choices concerning family life. The research also describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in restricting divorce progression. Due to the significant influence of the Church in Italian and Brazilian societies it was possible to delay the legalization of divorce for a considerable period of time. Divorce in Brazil and in Italy For a long time family was regarded by many nations in the West as a very important social institution. Today, family has become a subject of controversy and discussion. Many researchers have raised questions about the functions of the family units in terms of husband-wife-children relationships. It became common to see women going outside the home to take income producing jobs rather than staying home with children. Many couples live together without a formality of marriage, and those who are legally married tend to separate or divorce. Italy and Brazil are not the exception in this matter. In these countries husbands and wives often share their responsibilities in domestic spheres and the market. Rearing their children is also included in those responsibilities. Gary Becker, in his Treatise on the Family explained this phenomenon and described it in terms of â€Å"production complementarities†. He also identified some reasons for this change: the emergence of new technology that can save labor in the home, availability of birth control and easy access to abortion (Stevenson Wolfers, 2007). All these forces made a significant contribution to a high divorce rate in many countries, including Italy and Brazil. Italy and Brazil have been selected for this research to learn the dynamics of the marriage failure in a deeper way. Such an approach will consider more cultural and social variables that can influence the divorce rate. Italy and Brazil are situated in different geographic regions and have different historical development. While Italy’s population is more homogenous, Brazil is an ethnically diverse country with 50% of mixed races, 42% of white people and 6.5% descendants from Africa (Covre-Sussai Matthijs, n.d., p. 6). The religious influence in both countries has been considerable for centuries. The dominance of the Roman Catholic Church significantly influenced Italy and Brazil. As it was mentioned before, family is a very important social institution. Families are not standing in opposition to the rest of the society as some people think. The truth is that the family units affect the values and structure of the whole society. Both, in Italy and Brazil, these units are the product of particular historical and social circumstances. They are intricately interconnected to other features in social infrastructure. For this reason, the problem of divorce should be a great concern to Italy and Brazil. This research will compare the dynamics of the divorce problem in Italy and Brazil. It will also discuss the initiatives of the governments of both countries to solve this problem. Magnitude of the Problem Italy was one of the countries that held the traditional view concerning marriage, and did not accept the legalization of divorce for a long time. In 1970 a divorce law was passed in Italian parliament. Mark Seymour in his book Debating Divorce in Italy (2006) made the following comment on this event, â€Å"after several deputies had collapsed from exhaustion, a parliamentary vote of 319 for divorce, and 286 against, made Italian history: The Nation now had a divorce law† (p. 211). But only in 1974 when the divorce referendum on this matter was held the Italian public voted for its legalization. Since then the divorce rate began to increase. In 1960s, before the divorce law was passed the divorce rate in Italy was zero. The research of Gonzalez and Viitanen (2006) showed the dynamics of the divorce rate in Figure 1 while comparing the rates in other European countries (p. 24). Immediately, after the passing the law the rise in divorce rate occurred. It reached about 0.7 per 10 00 population. In 1974 the rate began to decrease and it was at approximately 0.3 for more than a decade. However, in the late 1980s the divorce rate almost doubled. This phenomenon can be explained by the amendment of the divorce law passed in 1987. It made provisions for shortening the divorce process and allowed only 3 years of legal separation. Before the divorce process could last 5 or 6 years. Since the amendment was provided the divorce rate had been gradually rising and in 2008 it reached 1.3 per 1000 population (The United States Census Bureau, n.d.). In 2011, the Italian National Institute of Statistics gave more detailed information on separations and divorces in Italy. According to their data, â€Å"In 2011 separations were 88,797 and divorces 53,806; compared to the previous year a substantial stability is observed (+0.7% and -0.7%)† (Istat, n.d.). Total rates of separation and divorce indicate the rise of these phenomena. For example, in 1995 the numbers of separations and divorces for 1000 marriages were 158 and 80 respectively. In 2011 these numbers grew to 311 and 182. Recently the Italian Government has introduced another amendment that simplified the divorce process. The 3 years term of legal separation that had been required by the law, was reduced to 6 months. This initiative will probably contribute to the further growth of divorce rate. The historical development of divorce legalization in Brazil was similar to Italian. The Brazilian society was not willing to accept the divorce law for a long time. This phenomenon was attributed to the influence of Christianity represented by the Roman Catholic Church. Only in 1977 the divorce law became legal. In the 1960s and the early 1970s the divorce rate was zero, the same indicator as in Italy before the introduction of the divorce legalization. But since 1980 this dynamic has changed. The researchers Maira Covre-Sussai and Koen Matthijs, in their project on cohabitation in Brazil discussed the marriage trends. Their research covered different regions of Brazil inhabited by various ethnic groups. The graphs 1 and 2 show the dynamics of marriage and divorce rate in the period from 1980 to 2007 (Covre-Sussai Matthijs, n.d., p. 7). It is remarkable that soon after the introduction of divorce law marriage rate dropped by 4 – 6 marriages per 1000 adults in different regio ns during the next decade. Then the marriage rate stabilized. However, it never came back to the initial point. The divorce rate has shown an ongoing growth in all regions of Brazil since 1980. In the North this rate grew from 0.1 to 0.8 per 1000 adults in the period from 1980 to 2006. In the Central West the divorce rate rose 4 times within the same period. To be precise, if in 1980 the rate was approximately at 0.5, in 2006 it reached 2.00 per 1000 adults. It is also necessary to say that the initial rate 0.5 was more predominant in the Brazilian society. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2012) published average data on this issue. According to their data the divorce rate rose from 0.5 to 1.4 per 1000 adults from 1980 to 2006. But then, the graph showed a rapid growth from 1.4 to 2.6 per 1000 adults from 2009 to 2011. The Civil Registry 2011 revealed an astonishing fact: divorce rate rose to 45.6% in only one year. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2012) put it in more detailed way, The number of divorces in Brazil reached 351,153 in 2011, with increase of 45.6% over 2010 (243,224). As a result, the divorce rate reached its highest level since 1984 (2.6 divorces per 1000 inhabitants aged 15 and over), even more than in the previous year (1.8%). It is remarkable that the rapid growth of divorce rate occurred after the Brazilian Government provided the 66th amendment to the constitution. According to the new legislation a year period of separation was not necessary to be divorced any more. This event took place in 2010, just in the period when the rapid rise of the divorce rate occurred. Considering the fact that Italian Government has recently introduced an amendment that reduced a period of separation, a prediction can be made that Italy will soon experience a new rise of divorce rate. To have a full picture of the magnitude of divorce problem it is necessary to research structural factors that may count for it. The major factor that influenced marriage and family was globalization. Both, Italy and Brazil have been affected by the globalization process to a different degree though. Since 1960s many countries, particularly in Europe, have experienced the second demographic transition. In their research on socio-economics and cohabitation, Maira Covre-Sussai Koen Matthijs put it in the following way, â€Å"Secularization, privatization, individualization and urbanization seemed to contribute to the shifts from collective to individual behavior† (n.d., p. 9). These factors influenced human mind: people began to acquire critical thinking and evaluate current social and economic conditions. New motivations in social consciousness have been formed, such as equality, freedom and self-fulfillment. As a result, people began utilizing these ideas and standards as the y forged their families. Therefore, the growth of divorce rate, decline in fertility, cohabitation and economic autonomy of women are directly related to the 2nd demographic transition. In the social background there were changes, such as abandonment of previous traditions, beliefs and values. Under the influence of these changes couples began to consider new options in their life. For example, they may take the decisions related to legal marriage, living with a spouse and having children (Covre-Sussai Matthijs, n.d.). All these changes have affected people both, in Italy and Brazil. Today Italian people have been experiencing tougher demands in the course of their life. They can also have more opportunities for self-fulfillment. As a result their lifestyle is now very hectic. Both, men and women are professional and are capable of doing different jobs. But their busy life often prevents them from paying attention to emotional needs of each other and from showing care to their children. Therefore, the lack of affection led to relational problems and caused a separation and divorce. The upper middle class in Brazil has been experiencing similar relational problems, but since this social class is not large, Brazilians deal with these problems at a lesser scale than Italians. Unlike Italy, Brazil has never been the state with sufficient welfare that could provide all the necessary needs and proper education to people from all social classes. It is well known that poverty and low education do not encou rage people to get married. For this reason many Brazilian people cohabit instead of getting married. Poverty and low education may also contribute to divorce rate in Brazil (Covre-Sussai Matthijs, n.d.). Coming back to globalization impact on family it is important to note the role of new technology in divorce rate growing. The emergence of Internet and development of cell phones pushed the boundaries and allowed people quick and easy access to communication with each other. Social services gave more opportunities for connection with friends or making friendship. All these factors contribute to relational problems within the family unit significantly. For example, in Italy many young people tend to use the instant messaging service. The service allows people to send free messages via smartphones. Such a service often tempts Italians to converse with the opposite sex. These affairs via smartphone may result in divorce. In Brazil the society is poorer, and is affected by the social services via smartphones at a lesser level. However, the Internet is now available for many Brazilians and it gives them an opportunity to connect with the opposite sex in the Internet cafà ©s. It is also important to mention some historical developments in Brazil that influenced the attitude to the family in the country. Back in the 18th century, when the Catholic Church had control over marriage the slaves were not allowed to be married. The only option they had was to have informal unions. Portuguese colonizers who came to Brazil without their wives also chose informal unions taking indigenous women. Thus family organization in Brazil had a particular history that laid the foundation for interracial and patriarchal relationship (Covre-Sussai Matthijs, n.d.). However, in the modern Brazilian society authoritarian attitudes are tolerated less and they may lead to divorce. To complete the research on the magnitude of divorce problems it is important to mention one more reason that often cause divorce in Italy. The Italian family has a special tradition that is characterized by the close relationship and strong emotional ties between mother and her son (Straussner, 2001, p. 6). Thus when the son gets married these ties often interfere with his marriage relationships. Mother views her son’s spouse as a rival. She often visits the couple’s household and attempts to replace her son’s wife doing things in the house. These mother’s initiatives often cause conflicts between spouses, and ultimately lead to separation and divorce. Efforts to Reduce the Problem of Divorce It may sound surprising to the contemporary Italians but the Italian Parliament made great effort to prevent divorce problem. Their struggle against legalization of divorce had been going since 1860 until the popular referendum that took place in 1974. A lot of research on this matter has been done by Mark Seymour in his book Debating Divorce in Italy (2006). He did a very good job studying the efforts of Italian Parliament to prevent divorce law. During the period of 1860 – 1870 the divorce proposal was not included in the 1865 Civil Code. The proposal was not introduced during the period of the Historic Right either. Until 1901, all the attempts of divorce proposal were futile owing to deliberative procedures in the parliaments. Though some representatives kept introducing proposals for divorce they were always declined or postponed. After 1901, any initiative to allow divorce could not even pass the initial stages of the review in the Italian Parliament. Many historians tri ed to understand why so many divorce initiatives failed to pass. The historian Ernest Ialongo (2008) from CUNY Graduate Center, gave the answer in his review. Because the Church, through its Opera dei congressi, had successfully mobilized public opinion and parliament against divorce. Starting with the divorce proposal of 1881, the Opera began sending out petitions to parishes throughout the country that were then signed and forwarded to parliament. There was not any other non-governmental establishment that could contribute so much to preservation of the family institution. Secular organizations , were not usually interested in sacredness of the family and moral values. Secular Italian government and non-governmental organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank invested their funds into the economy system or social projects. But the measures on improvement of living standards were not sufficient to protect the family units. It was necessary to protect and cultivate moral values. The Church showed its concern when the morality was questioned by some representatives of the Italian society. Eventually, it managed to delay the introduction of divorce law and the gradual destruction of the family institution in Italy. In the 1960s the Italian nation was influenced by the secularization process that started in the Western societies. Secularization of the Italian state, the weakened influence of the Vatican in the Italian communities and the triumph of individual freedoms over religious and social traditions led to the legalization of divorce. As the result of this triumph, in 1970 the divorce law was passed. Four years later, public referendum supported the decision concerning the divorce matter made by the Italian Parliament. In Brazil the Catholic Church had a strong influence too. It managed to delay the introduction of divorce until 1977, seven years longer than in Italy. When the divorce law was introduced several amendments were issued that accelerated the divorce process. The Brazilian governments tried to reduce the divorce problem by the implementation of laws that prevented divorce. The evolution of laws that supported divorce began in 1916 when the Civil Code allowed marital unions to be dissolved after the death of the spouse. Litigious judicial separation was also possible. The law had specific requirements for judicial separation: mutual consent and willingness to be married for another 2 years. According to the research of Porto and Butelli (n.d.) In litigious judicial separation at least one of these must have occurred: adultery, insult, homicide attempt, or voluntary marital abandonment. However, even after judicial separation was granted, the marital bond was kept, impeding new marriages from both individuals. (p. 6) In 1977, the law 6.515 and the Amendment to the country’s Constitution n.9 allowed the dissolution of marriage but at the same time impeded new marriages. The new legislation also made a provision for prior separation that could take more than 3 years. However, a few months later there emerged the Divorce Act. This legal document provided not only separation but indirect divorce. In 1989 there the Law 1.841 was issued. It provided more freedom for those who decided to divorce: divorced individuals were allowed to remarry. As a result, successive divorces became possible. The Civil Code issued in 2002 modified the divorce process in Brazil. Marriage dissolution was provided in 2 ways: through judicial separation and divorce. In 2007 Law 11.441 was issued. It allowed the consensual divorce to be granted in the civil registry. Thus, divorce, separation and dividing the assets became possible whenever the spouses made agreements on its terms. As a result it became much easier to get divorced than before. Ultimately, Brazilian governments failed to reduce divorce problem. Non-governmental institutions, such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund, managed to assist the Brazilian society with reducing their social problem. Like in Italy, the finances were spent on economy system and some social projects, but not on preserving family values. Over time the divorce rate rose significantly, and statistics showed no evidence that the problem would be successfully dealt. It is really difficult to predict what the divorce problem in both countries will look like in 10 years as there are many factors that can influence the dynamics of this matter. For example, the introduction of new laws that simplify divorce process can trigger a new rise of divorce rate. The introduction of new technology will also affect the family institution and may contribute to divorce rate. Considering the reduction of the Church’s influence and the willingness of Italian and Brazilian governments to provide new laws encouraging divorce, this problem will only get worse over the next 10 years. The majority of population in Italy and Brazil had been family oriented before the divorce was legalized. Thus, legal restrictions on divorce helped to preserve families. The dominance of the Roman Catholic Church also served as a positive factor. The Church influenced both, society and government ensuring moral values in Italy and Brazil. It appears that specific historical developments, globalization process and the introduction of new technology may affect the family unit in a negative way. However, if legal restrictions and the Church’s influence remained it would be possible to avoid the rise of divorce rate and preserve family institution.